Table 1

Quality appraisal summary

YearAuthorStudy typeScore
2001Johansen et al 12 Cross-sectional5/8 (BRIGGS)
2003Kufeji et al 20 Cross-sectional6/8 (BRIGGS)
2003Pimenta et al 21 Mixed methods12/13 (MMAT)
2004Strand et al 22 Cohort10.5/12 (CASP)
2004Verhoeven et al 10 Cross-sectional6/8 (BRIGGS)
2005McCadden et al 23 Cross-sectional6/8 (BRIGGS)
2005Andersen et al 24 Case–control10.5/11 (CASP)
2005Harris25 Cohort10/12 (CASP)
2005Senok et al 8 RCT11/11 (CASP)
2007Hughes et al 26 Cross-sectional6/8 (BRIGGS)
2008Neale et al 27 Cross-sectional6/8 (BRIGGS)
2008Sohal et al 28 Cross-sectional5/8 (BRIGGS)
2009Creighton29 Cross-sectional5/8 (BRIGGS)
2010Sadler et al 30 Cross-sectional7/8 (BRIGGS)
2012Woodhall et al 31 Cross-sectional6/8 (BRIGGS)
2012Van den Broek et al 9 RCT11/11 (CASP)
2012Saunders et al 32 Cross-sectional8/8 (BRIGGS)
2013Trienekens et al 33 Cohort10.5/12 (CASP)
2014Van Liere et al 34 Cross-sectional8/8 (BRIGGS)
2014Kelly35 Cohort10/12 (CASP)
2014Pedersen36 Case–control11/11 (CASP)
2015Buijs37 Cross-sectional5/8 (BRIGGS)
2016Clifton et al 38 Cross-sectional7/8 (BRIGGS)
2017Romoren39 Cross-sectional6/8 (BRIGGS)

  • CASP, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme ; MMAT, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool; RCT, randomised control trial.