Table 1

Partially randomised patient preference trials included in the review

SourcePopulationR (n)P (n)FieldIntervention and comparison groupsPrimary outcome(s)
Ashok et al 15 Women presenting for termination of pregnancy40086GynaecologyMedical versus surgical termination*†Acceptability at 2 weeks
Barnard et al 16 Premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine fibroids5934GynaecologyUAE versus MRgFUS*†Perioperative outcomes at 3 months
Bergk et al 18 Patients with DSM-IV disorder2781PsychiatryMechanical restraint versus seclusionCES at 4 weeks
Boers et al 19 Pregnant women with disproportional intrauterine growth650452GynaecologyInduction versus expectative monitoring*(S)AE neonate at discharge
Brinkhaus et al 20Patients with allergic asthma3571088Social medicineAcupuncture versus control*AQLQ at 3 months
Brinkhaus et al 21 Patients with allergic rhinitis9814256Social medicineAcupuncture versus control*RQLQ at 30 days
Buhagiar et al 22Patients after total knee arthroplasty16587OrthopaedicsHome-based versus inpatient recoveryWalking distance at 36 weeks
Chekerov et al 23 Elderly with ovarian cancer receiving chemotherapy3116GynaecologyOral versus intravenous treosulfanDFS at 2 years
Creutzig et al 24 Paediatric patients with relapsed AML10154HaematologyL-DNR/FLAG versus FLAGOS at 4 years
Crowther et al 25 Pregnant women with one prior caesarean222323GynaecologyCaesarean versus vaginal birth*†Death and SAE at 30 days
Dalal et al 26Participants in cardiac rehabilitation after acute MI104126CardiologyHome-based versus hospital recoveryHADS at 9 months
Ejlertsen et al 27 Premenopausal patients with breast cancer5251628OncologyChemotherapy versus ovarian ablation*†DFS at 10 years
Erkan et al 28 Patients with positive aPL but no vascular and/or pregnancy events.9874Internal medicineAspirin versus placebo or no aspirin*Acute thrombosis per 100 patient- years
Fong et al 29 Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis1950OrthopaedicsBrace versus observational*Recruitment feasibility
Gall et al 30 Patients undergoing colon cancer surgery203135SurgeryGP versus surgeon follow-upPCS score at 24 months
Glazener et al 31 Patients with vaginal wall prolapse13481126GynaecologyMesh versus no mesh*†POPSS at 12 months
Grant et al 32Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease357453Upper GISurgery versus medication*†Reflux QoL at 1 year
Hatcher et al 34 Patients presenting with self-harm552542PsychiatryPST plus standard care versus standard care*Repeated self-harm at 1 year
Howard et al 35Women requiring voluntary psychiatric admission4261PsychiatryCrisis houses versus psychiatric wardsFunctioning (GAF) at 12 weeks
Hubacher et al 36Women aged 18–29 years who were seeking a short-acting method382524GynaecologyLong-acting versus short-acting contraceptive*Continuation rate at 1 year
Jones et al 37Patients with palliative cancer4136OncologyAdvance versus usual care*VAS(S) at 8 weeks
Karlsen et al 39 Patients with proximal ureter stones5021UrologyShock wave versus ureteroscopy*†Stone-free rate at 3 months
Kearney et al 40 Patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture2029OrthopaedicsSurgery versus conservative*†Disability rating index at 9 months
Kröz et al 41 Patients with breast cancer-related fatigue6561OncologyMultimodel combined programme versus aerobic training*PSQI at 10 weeks
Lock et al 42 Children with recurrent sore throats268461Children surgerySurgery versus medication*†Number of episodes of sore throat at 2 years
Majumdar et al 43Patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)99210UrologyUrodynamics versus conservative*†King’s QoL at 6 months
Mittal et al 46Patients with type B ankle fracture160276OrthopaedicsSurgery versus no surgery*†FAOQ and PCI at 12 months
Prescott et al 49 Women after breast-conserving surgery255100OncologyNon-radiotherapy versus radiotherapy*QoL after 5 years
Purepong et al 50Office workers suffering from low back pain (LBP)6437Physical therapyBackrest versus no intervention*VAS at 3 months
Raue et al 52 Patients operated for diverticulitis149294SurgeryLaparoscopic versus open approachQoL at 30 days
Robson et al 53Termination of pregnancy less than 14 weeks’ gestation3491528GynaecologyMedicine versus surgery TOP*†Acceptability TOP at 2 weeks
Schweikert et al 55 Patients for cardiac rehabilitation4163CardiologyOutpatient versus inpatient recoveryEQ-5D at 12 months
Shi et al 58Patients with vascular dementia4820Complementary medicineAcupuncture versus training*SDSVD at 6 weeks
Sinclair et al 59Patients with severe lung disease6782PulmonologyAdvance care planning versus standardACP uptake at 6 months
Schwieger et al 56Adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)132187OrthopaedicsBrace versus observation*QoL at 2 years
Underwood et al 60Older patients with chronic knee pain282303OrthopaedicsTopical versus oral ibuprofenWOMAC at 12 months
van der Kooij et al 62 Uterine fibroids177103GynaecologyEmbolisation versus hysterectomy*†HRQoL at 12 months
Van Heest et al 63 Children with upper extremity cerebral palsy2910OrthopaedicsSurgery versus botulinum therapy*†SHUEE at 24 weeks
Weinstein et al 65Patients with spondylolisthesis304303OrthopaedicsSurgical versus non-surgical*†Physical functioning (SF-36 Phys) at 2 years
Weinstein et al 64Patients with spinal stenosis289365OrthopaedicsSurgical versus non-surgical*†Physical functioning (SF-36 Phys) at 2 years
Witbrodt et al 67Addicted people293321Social medicineCommunity residential versus day hospital*Abstinence at 12 months
Witt el al 68Patients with chronic low back pain28418537RheumatologyAcupuncture versus control*HFAQ at 3 months
Witt et al 69Patients with osteoarthritis7122921RheumatologyAcupuncture versus control*Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) at 3 months
Woodward and Kelly72 Pregnant women6020GynaecologyWater versus land birthBaby condition at 6 weeks
  • *These 32 trials compared interventions versus conservative treatment.

  • †These 16 trials compared surgical interventions versus conservative treatment.

  • ‡These 20 trials could be used to calculate standardised effect sizes of the randomised and preference cohorts separately, and were included in our reanalysis on the effect of preference on outcome.

  • ACP, advance care planning;aPL, antiphospholipid; AQLQ, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; CES, Coercion Experience Scale; DFS, disease-free survival;DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 Dimension; FAOQ, Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire; FLAG, fludarabine; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning;GP, general practitioner; HADS, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale; HFAQ, Hannover Functional Ability Questionnaire; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; L-DNR, liposomal daunorubicin;MI, myocardial infarction; MRgFUS, MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery; OS, overall survival; P, preference; PCI, physical component score; PCS, peritoneal cancer score; POPSS, pelvic organ prolapse symptom score; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PST, problem-solving therapy; R, randomised; RQLQ, Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire; SAE, serious adverse event; SDSVD, scale of differentiation of syndromes of vascular dementia;SF-36, Short Form-36; SHUEE, Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation; TOP, termination of pregnancy; UAE, uterine artery embolisation; VAS, visual analogue scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.