Source | Population | R (n) | P (n) | Field | Intervention and comparison groups | Primary outcome(s) |
Ashok et al 15 | Women presenting for termination of pregnancy | 400 | 86 | Gynaecology | Medical versus surgical termination*† | Acceptability at 2 weeks |
Barnard et al 16 | Premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine fibroids | 59 | 34 | Gynaecology | UAE versus MRgFUS*† | Perioperative outcomes at 3 months |
Bergk et al 18 | Patients with DSM-IV disorder | 27 | 81 | Psychiatry | Mechanical restraint versus seclusion | CES at 4 weeks |
Boers et al 19 | Pregnant women with disproportional intrauterine growth | 650 | 452 | Gynaecology | Induction versus expectative monitoring* | (S)AE neonate at discharge |
Brinkhaus et al 20‡ | Patients with allergic asthma | 357 | 1088 | Social medicine | Acupuncture versus control* | AQLQ at 3 months |
Brinkhaus et al 21 | Patients with allergic rhinitis | 981 | 4256 | Social medicine | Acupuncture versus control* | RQLQ at 30 days |
Buhagiar et al 22‡ | Patients after total knee arthroplasty | 165 | 87 | Orthopaedics | Home-based versus inpatient recovery | Walking distance at 36 weeks |
Chekerov et al 23 | Elderly with ovarian cancer receiving chemotherapy | 3 | 116 | Gynaecology | Oral versus intravenous treosulfan | DFS at 2 years |
Creutzig et al 24 | Paediatric patients with relapsed AML | 101 | 54 | Haematology | L-DNR/FLAG versus FLAG | OS at 4 years |
Crowther et al 25 | Pregnant women with one prior caesarean | 22 | 2323 | Gynaecology | Caesarean versus vaginal birth*† | Death and SAE at 30 days |
Dalal et al 26‡ | Participants in cardiac rehabilitation after acute MI | 104 | 126 | Cardiology | Home-based versus hospital recovery | HADS at 9 months |
Ejlertsen et al 27 | Premenopausal patients with breast cancer | 525 | 1628 | Oncology | Chemotherapy versus ovarian ablation*† | DFS at 10 years |
Erkan et al 28 | Patients with positive aPL but no vascular and/or pregnancy events. | 98 | 74 | Internal medicine | Aspirin versus placebo or no aspirin* | Acute thrombosis per 100 patient- years |
Fong et al 29 | Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis | 19 | 50 | Orthopaedics | Brace versus observational* | Recruitment feasibility |
Gall et al 30 | Patients undergoing colon cancer surgery | 203 | 135 | Surgery | GP versus surgeon follow-up | PCS score at 24 months |
Glazener et al 31 | Patients with vaginal wall prolapse | 1348 | 1126 | Gynaecology | Mesh versus no mesh*† | POPSS at 12 months |
Grant et al 32‡ | Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 357 | 453 | Upper GI | Surgery versus medication*† | Reflux QoL at 1 year |
Hatcher et al 34 | Patients presenting with self-harm | 552 | 542 | Psychiatry | PST plus standard care versus standard care* | Repeated self-harm at 1 year |
Howard et al 35‡ | Women requiring voluntary psychiatric admission | 42 | 61 | Psychiatry | Crisis houses versus psychiatric wards | Functioning (GAF) at 12 weeks |
Hubacher et al 36‡ | Women aged 18–29 years who were seeking a short-acting method | 382 | 524 | Gynaecology | Long-acting versus short-acting contraceptive* | Continuation rate at 1 year |
Jones et al 37‡ | Patients with palliative cancer | 41 | 36 | Oncology | Advance versus usual care* | VAS(S) at 8 weeks |
Karlsen et al 39 | Patients with proximal ureter stones | 50 | 21 | Urology | Shock wave versus ureteroscopy*† | Stone-free rate at 3 months |
Kearney et al 40 | Patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture | 20 | 29 | Orthopaedics | Surgery versus conservative*† | Disability rating index at 9 months |
Kröz et al 41 | Patients with breast cancer-related fatigue | 65 | 61 | Oncology | Multimodel combined programme versus aerobic training* | PSQI at 10 weeks |
Lock et al 42 | Children with recurrent sore throats | 268 | 461 | Children surgery | Surgery versus medication*† | Number of episodes of sore throat at 2 years |
Majumdar et al 43‡ | Patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) | 99 | 210 | Urology | Urodynamics versus conservative*† | King’s QoL at 6 months |
Mittal et al 46‡ | Patients with type B ankle fracture | 160 | 276 | Orthopaedics | Surgery versus no surgery*† | FAOQ and PCI at 12 months |
Prescott et al 49 | Women after breast-conserving surgery | 255 | 100 | Oncology | Non-radiotherapy versus radiotherapy* | QoL after 5 years |
Purepong et al 50‡ | Office workers suffering from low back pain (LBP) | 64 | 37 | Physical therapy | Backrest versus no intervention* | VAS at 3 months |
Raue et al 52 | Patients operated for diverticulitis | 149 | 294 | Surgery | Laparoscopic versus open approach | QoL at 30 days |
Robson et al 53‡ | Termination of pregnancy less than 14 weeks’ gestation | 349 | 1528 | Gynaecology | Medicine versus surgery TOP*† | Acceptability TOP at 2 weeks |
Schweikert et al 55 | Patients for cardiac rehabilitation | 4 | 163 | Cardiology | Outpatient versus inpatient recovery | EQ-5D at 12 months |
Shi et al 58‡ | Patients with vascular dementia | 48 | 20 | Complementary medicine | Acupuncture versus training* | SDSVD at 6 weeks |
Sinclair et al 59‡ | Patients with severe lung disease | 67 | 82 | Pulmonology | Advance care planning versus standard | ACP uptake at 6 months |
Schwieger et al 56‡ | Adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) | 132 | 187 | Orthopaedics | Brace versus observation* | QoL at 2 years |
Underwood et al 60‡ | Older patients with chronic knee pain | 282 | 303 | Orthopaedics | Topical versus oral ibuprofen | WOMAC at 12 months |
van der Kooij et al 62 | Uterine fibroids | 177 | 103 | Gynaecology | Embolisation versus hysterectomy*† | HRQoL at 12 months |
Van Heest et al 63 | Children with upper extremity cerebral palsy | 29 | 10 | Orthopaedics | Surgery versus botulinum therapy*† | SHUEE at 24 weeks |
Weinstein et al 65‡ | Patients with spondylolisthesis | 304 | 303 | Orthopaedics | Surgical versus non-surgical*† | Physical functioning (SF-36 Phys) at 2 years |
Weinstein et al 64‡ | Patients with spinal stenosis | 289 | 365 | Orthopaedics | Surgical versus non-surgical*† | Physical functioning (SF-36 Phys) at 2 years |
Witbrodt et al 67‡ | Addicted people | 293 | 321 | Social medicine | Community residential versus day hospital* | Abstinence at 12 months |
Witt el al 68‡ | Patients with chronic low back pain | 2841 | 8537 | Rheumatology | Acupuncture versus control* | HFAQ at 3 months |
Witt et al 69‡ | Patients with osteoarthritis | 712 | 2921 | Rheumatology | Acupuncture versus control* | Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) at 3 months |
Woodward and Kelly72 | Pregnant women | 60 | 20 | Gynaecology | Water versus land birth | Baby condition at 6 weeks |
*These 32 trials compared interventions versus conservative treatment.
†These 16 trials compared surgical interventions versus conservative treatment.
‡These 20 trials could be used to calculate standardised effect sizes of the randomised and preference cohorts separately, and were included in our reanalysis on the effect of preference on outcome.
ACP, advance care planning;aPL, antiphospholipid; AQLQ, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; CES, Coercion Experience Scale; DFS, disease-free survival;DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 Dimension; FAOQ, Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire; FLAG, fludarabine; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning;GP, general practitioner; HADS, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale; HFAQ, Hannover Functional Ability Questionnaire; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; L-DNR, liposomal daunorubicin;MI, myocardial infarction; MRgFUS, MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery; OS, overall survival; P, preference; PCI, physical component score; PCS, peritoneal cancer score; POPSS, pelvic organ prolapse symptom score; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PST, problem-solving therapy; R, randomised; RQLQ, Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire; SAE, serious adverse event; SDSVD, scale of differentiation of syndromes of vascular dementia;SF-36, Short Form-36; SHUEE, Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation; TOP, termination of pregnancy; UAE, uterine artery embolisation; VAS, visual analogue scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.