Summary of maternal, family and child characteristics, by social care status of child during Key Stage 4
| Child’s social care status during KS4 | |||
| No CLA/CIN record n=9432 | CIN (no CLA) record n=64 | CLA record n=49 | |
| % (95% CI) | |||
| Maternal and family characteristics during pregnancy* | |||
| Maternal age (at delivery) | |||
| ≤23 years | 18.4 (17.7 to 19.2) | 39.1 (27.0 to 51.4) | 28.6 (15.4 to 41.7) |
| >33 years | 12.3 (11.6 to 12.9) | 7.8 (1.1 to 14.6) | 14.3 (4.1 to 24.5) |
| Relationship status | |||
| Married | 75.0 (74.1 to 75.9) | 53.8 (40.8 to 66.7) | 49.5 (34.3 to 64.8) |
| Resident partner | 16.5 (15.7 to 17.3) | 17.0 (6.9 to 27.1) | 27.4 (13.5 to 41.3) |
| Non-resident/no partner | 8.5 (7.9 to 9.1) | 29.2 (17.3 to 41.2) | 23.1 (9.9 to 36.3) |
| Highest maternal education | |||
| A level or degree | 30.7 (29.8 to 31.7) | 10.8 (2.3 to 19.3) | 11.1 (0.9 to 21.4) |
| O level | 36.5 (35.5 to 37.5) | 40.7 (27.2 to 54.1) | 26.3 (12.1 to 40.6) |
| Vocational/none | 32.8 (31.8 to 33.8) | 48.5 (34.6 to 62.5) | 62.5 (47.2 to 77.9) |
| Financial difficulties | |||
| Highest quartile | 21.2 (20.3 to 22.1) | 42.2 (27.6 to 56.8) | 46.8 (30.4 to 63.2) |
| Housing tenure | |||
| Owned/mortgaged | 73.7 (72.8 to 74.7) | 54.3 (41.4 to 67.3) | 33.7 (19.2 to 48.2) |
| Maternal smoking | |||
| Yes | 26.6 (25.7 to 27.6) | 41.3 (28.2 to 54.3) | 58.6 (42.3 to 75.0) |
| Maternal alcohol—first trimester, ≥1 unit per week | |||
| Yes | 15.2 (14.4 to 15.9) | 17.8 (7.6 to 28.0) | 21.7 (8.0 to 35.3) |
| Maternal alcohol—second trimester, ever ≥4 units in 1 day | |||
| Yes | 16.9 (16.1 to 17.6) | 26.7 (14.8 to 38.5) | 21.1 (7.6 to 34.6) |
| Depression score | |||
| Highest quartile | 23.4 (22.5 to 24.3) | 29.4 (16.4 to 42.4) | 47.8 (31.5 to 64.1) |
| Low social support | |||
| Yes | 10.3 (9.6 to 11.0) | 20.8 (8.7 to 32.8) | 25.9 (10.6 to 41.2) |
| Child, school and neighbourhood characteristics during KS4* | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 49.6 (48.6 to 50.6) | 51.6 (39.0 to 64.2) | 49.0 (34.5 to 63.5) |
| Age at start of year 11 | |||
| Mean (years) | 15.5 (15.4 to 15.5) | 15.5 (15.4 to 15.6) | 15.5 (15.4 to 15.5) |
| In receipt of free school meals | |||
| Yes | 6.1 (5.6 to 6.6) | 26.6 (15.4 to 37.7) | 10.2 (1.4 to 19.0) |
| Joined school during KS4 | |||
| Yes | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.6) | 7.8 (1.1 to 14.6) | 12.2 (2.7 to 21.8) |
| Neighbourhood deprivation (IDACI) | |||
| Low, <10% | 43.9 (42.9 to 44.9) | 20.3 (10.2 to 30.4) | 28.6 (15.4 to 41.7) |
| High, ≥40% | 10.1 (9.5 to 10.7) | 25.0 (14.1 to 35.9) | 20.4 (8.7 to 32.1) |
*For brevity, not all categories are presented for each categorical variable.
CIN, Children In Need; CLA, Children Looked-After; IDACI, Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index; KS4, Key Stage 4.