Discounted costs assuming the 2017 disease burden, changed disease burden as a result of increased bicycling, and estimated difference in healthcare costs
| Exposure | Healthcare costs with current burden of disease | Estimated change in healthcare costs in the scenario | Percentual reduction in healthcare costs |
| Physical activity | €1 092 130 168 | €241 629 107 | 22.12 |
| Air pollution change among the general population | €24 257 656 022 | €25 962 558 | 0.11 |
| Air pollution change among additional bicyclist | €988 236 242 | €−6 687 730 | −0.68 |
| Air pollution change among current bicyclists | €458 507 452 | €108 504 | 0.02 |
| Traffic injuries* | €−42 117 426 | ||
| Total | €24 257 656 022 | €218 895 013 | 0.82 |
*Current burden costs related to traffic accidents were not available.