Anatomical injury pattern variation by cycle helmet use
| Wearing helmet (n=4075) | Not wearing helmet (n=2546) | P value | |
| Median ISS (IQR) | 12 (9–20) | 16 (9–25) | <0.001 |
| Head AIS ≥3 (%, n, 95% CI) | 19.1% (780, 18.0% to 20.4%) | 47.6% (1211, 45.6% to 49.5%) | <0.001 |
| Face ≥3 (%, n, 95% CI) | 0.52% (21, 0.3% to 0.8%) | 0.63% (16, 0.4% to 1.0%) | 0.760 |
| Chest AIS ≥3 (%, n, 95% CI) | 34.9% (1422, 33.4% to 36.4%) | 26.9% (686, 25.3% to 28.7%) | <0.001 |
| Abdo AIS ≥3 (%, n, 95% CI) | 4.2% (173, 3.7% to 4.9%) | 4.3% (109, 3.6% to 5.1%) | 0.944 |
| Pelvis AIS ≥3 (%, n, 95% CI) | 3.7% (150, 3.1% to 4.3%) | 3.0% (76, 2.4% to 3.7%) | 0.129 |
| Spine AIS ≥3 (%, n, 95% CI) | 10.7% (437, 9.8% to 11.7%) | 5.4% (137, 4.6% to 6.3%) | <0.001 |
| Upper limb (%, n, 95% CI) | 61.5% (2507, 60.0% to 63.0%) | 47.5% (1210, 45.6% to 49.5%) | <0.001 |
| Lower limb (%, n, 95% CI) | 62.7% (2556, 61.2% to 64.2%) | 49.4% (1257, 47.4% to 51.3%) | <0.001 |
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; IQR, inter-quartile range; ISS, Injury Severity Score.