Multinomial logistic regression results on options for place of residence in old age among internal migrants (n=7927)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| Shanghai versus hometown | Undecided versus hometown | Shanghai versus undecided | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 15–29 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 30–39 | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.15) | 0.663 | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.22) | 0.521 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.10) | 0.332 |
| 40+ | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.32) | 0.610 | 0.85 (0.71 to 1.02) | 0.079 | 1.24 (0.98 to 1.57) | 0.070 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Female | 1.28 (1.10 to 1.49) | 0.002 | 1.17 (1.04 to 1.32) | 0.011 | 1.09 (0.93 to 1.28) | 0.275 |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Service worker | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Skilled worker | 1.21 (0.96 to 1.52) | 0.110 | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.12) | 0.359 | 1.33 (1.06 to 1.66) | 0.012 |
| Businessperson | 1.74 (1.40 to 2.17) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.86 to 1.29) | 0.588 | 1.65 (1.31 to 2.08) | <0.001 |
| Unemployed | 1.30 (0.95 to 1.77) | 0.104 | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.34) | 0.685 | 1.23 (0.88 to 1.72) | 0.217 |
| Monthly income (¥) | ||||||
| 0–1999 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 2000–2999 | 0.75 (0.55 to 1.01) | 0.056 | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.07) | 0.163 | 0.87 (0.63 to 1.21) | 0.410 |
| 3000–3999 | 0.96 (0.72 to 1.28) | 0.777 | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.16) | 0.537 | 1.03 (0.75 to 1.40) | 0.863 |
| 4000+ | 1.09 (0.82 to 1.46) | 0.548 | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.27) | 0.910 | 1.08 (0.79 to 1.47) | 0.632 |
| Hukou | ||||||
| Rural hukou | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Urban hukou | 1.31 (1.08 to 1.60) | 0.007 | 1.42 (1.20 to 1.68) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.76 to 1.13) | 0.433 |
| Location of hometown | ||||||
| Western China | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Eastern China | 1.37 (1.09 to 1.72) | 0.007 | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.53) | 0.008 | 1.07 (0.84 to 1.37) | 0.576 |
| Central China | 1.26 (1.01 to 1.57) | 0.037 | 1.23 (1.04 to 1.45) | 0.015 | 1.03 (0.81 to 1.30) | 0.827 |
| Northeastern China | 2.20 (1.40 to 3.46) | 0.001 | 1.87 (1.24 to 2.81) | 0.003 | 1.18 (0.79 to 1.76) | 0.426 |
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school education | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| High school education | 1.67 (1.38 to 2.02) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.08 to 1.46) | 0.003 | 1.33 (1.08 to 1.63) | 0.006 |
| College degree and above | 3.05 (2.37 to 3.93) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.49 to 2.31) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.28 to 2.11) | <0.001 |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| Covered in hometown only | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Covered in Shanghai* | 1.35 (1.13 to 1.62) | 0.001 | 0.87 (0.75 to 1.00) | 0.048 | 1.56 (1.28 to 1.90) | <0.001 |
| Uncovered | 1.22 (1.00 to 1.49) | 0.049 | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.41) | 0.010 | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.24) | 0.953 |
| Housing provident fund in Shanghai | ||||||
| Uncovered | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Covered | 1.59 (1.24 to 2.05) | <0.001 | 1.55 (1.22 to 1.96) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.82 to 1.30) | 0.801 |
| Housing conditions | ||||||
| Rental housing | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Low-income housing | 1.37 (1.11 to 1.70) | 0.004 | 1.33 (1.12 to 1.58) | 0.001 | 1.03 (0.82 to 1.30) | 0.776 |
| Commercial–residential housing | 6.01 (4.79 to 7.53) | <0.001 | 3.25 (2.60 to 4.08) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.51 to 2.25) | <0.001 |
| Duration of residence in Shanghai (years) | ||||||
| 0–2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 3–4 | 1.51 (1.21 to 1.89) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.18 to 1.64) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.86 to 1.24) | 0.476 |
| 5–9 | 1.55 (1.27 to 1.91) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.05 to 1.44) | 0.009 | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.57) | 0.031 |
| 10+ | 2.79 (2.24 to 3.48) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.27 to 1.82) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.45 to 2.31) | <0.001 |
| Living with spouse and/or child | ||||||
| At least one family member left behind in hometown | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Living with all members of core family in Shanghai | 2.19 (1.82 to 2.64) | <0.001 | 1.66 (1.44 to 1.92) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.07 to 1.62) | 0.009 |
| Unmarried | 2.06 (1.58 to 2.70) | <0.001 | 3.02 (2.49 to 3.67) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.52 to 0.90) | 0.008 |
| Participation in social activities | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| At least once | 1.46 (1.25 to 1.71) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.16 to 1.53) | 0.001 | 1.09 (0.93 to 1.28) | 0.265 |
*Includes those migrants having health insurance in their hometowns.