Results from the multilevel logistic regression model predicting obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) by neighbourhood social cohesion, by perceived safety and by perceived violence independently, and stratified by neighbourhood SES and gender*
| High SES OR (95% CI) | Intermediate SES OR (95% CI) | Low SES OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | |
| Social cohesion | ||||||
| N | 2799 | 2144 | 1882 | 1371 | 1410 | 1268 |
| Lowest tertile | 1.48 (1.10 to 1.99) | 1.03 (0.76 to 1.42) | 0.86 (0.59 to 1.26) | 0.95 (0.63 to 1.45) | 1.43 (0.98 to 2.10) | 0.92 (0.59 to 1.44) |
| Middle tertile | 1.06 (0.82 to 1.37) | 1.05 (0.80 to 1.38) | 1.03 (0.77 to 1.37) | 0.83 (0.59 to 1.16) | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.33) | 0.83 (0.58 to 1.20) |
| Highest tertile | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Perceived safety | ||||||
| N | 2797 | 2144 | 1881 | 1371 | 1408 | 1268 |
| Lowest tertile | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.48) | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.40) | 0.81 (0.57 to 1.16) | 1.11 (0.74 to 1.66) | 1.38 (0.93 to 2.02) | 1.19 (0.76 to 1.86) |
| Middle tertile | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.30) | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.14) | 0.84 (0.63 to 1.13) | 0.98 (0.70 to 1.37) | 1.27 (0.94 to 1.71) | 0.99 (0.69 to 1.43) |
| Highest tertile | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Perceived violence† | ||||||
| N | 2792 | 2134 | 1873 | 1369 | 1406 | 1267 |
| Lowest tertile | 1.00 (0.73 to 1.37) | 1.21 (0.85 to 1.72) | 1.22 (0.84 to 1.76) | 1.03 (0.68 to 1.56) | 1.92 (1.28 to 2.90) | 1.02 (0.63 to 1.66) |
| Middle tertile | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.12) | 1.08 (0.83 to 1.40) | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.38) | 0.86 (0.60 to 1.22) | 1.70 (1.23 to 2.34) | 1.03 (0.72 to 1.49) |
| Highest tertile | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance at the p<0.05 level (OR does not include 1).
*All models adjusted by age, education, skin colour, ELSA site, as well as by individual-level social cohesion, perceived safety and perceived violence scores for the neighbourhood social cohesion, perceived safety and perceived violence models, respectively.
†The perceived violence scale was constructed so that a higher score indicated a lower perceived violence. Therefore, the lowest tertile category represents neighbourhoods with the highest perceived violence.
BMI, body mass index; ELSA, Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health; SES, socioeconomic status.