Subgroup and heterogeneity analysis of TSR according to study characteristics
| Characteristics | No of studies | No of participants | Pooled TSR (95% CI) | 95% PI for pooled TSR | Percentage weight | Q-test p value | I2 |
| HIV status of patients with TB | 0.346 | ||||||
| Not reported | 5 | 2845 | 77.9 (68.7 to 85.9) | (40.0–100.0) | 16.2 | 96.2 | |
| HIV positive | 4 | 1794 | 70.1 (60.7 to 78.8) | (30.0–100.0) | 12.4 | 92.6 | |
| Both HIV positive and HIV negative | 22 | 13 555 | 77.0 (72.5 to 81.2) | (50.0–90.0) | 71.4 | 97.1 | |
| Type of BC-PTB patients | 0.439 | ||||||
| Both new and retreatment | 4 | 2867 | 78.9 (66.9 to 88.9) | (20.0–100.0) | 13.1 | 97.8 | |
| New | 24 | 14 454 | 76.3 (72.0 to 80.3) | (50.0–90.0) | 77.1 | 96.9 | |
| Retreatment | 4 | 2867 | 76.2 (72.5 to 79.8) | (50.0–90.0) | 9.7 | 0.00 | |
| SSA region | <0.001 | ||||||
| Southern | 1 | 1211 | 64.7 (62.0 to 67.4) | IE | 3.4 | 0.00 | |
| Eastern | 21 | 11 606 | 76.4 (71.5 to 81.0) | (50.0–90.0) | 66.8 | 97.0 | |
| Western | 9 | 5377 | 76.8 (73.2 to 80.3) | (60.0–90.0) | 29.9 | 89.2 | |
| Study design | <0.001 | ||||||
| Cross-sectional | 2 | 548 | 88.0 (85.2 to 90.6) | IE | 6.4 | 0.00 | |
| Case–control | 1 | 985 | 80.9 (78.3 to 83.3) | IE | 3.4 | 0.00 | |
| Retrospective cohort | 17 | 12 184 | 73.1 (67.3 to 78.6) | (50.0–90.0) | 55.1 | 97.9 | |
| Prospective cohort | 6 | 3000 | 77.3 (67.3 to 86.0) | (40.0–100.0) | 19.2 | 96.9 | |
| RCT | 5 | 1477 | 79.0 (73.5 to 84.1) | (50-0–90.0) | 16.0 | 82.8 | |
| Study design category | 0.334 | ||||||
| Observational | 26 | 16 717 | 75.7 (71.4 to 79.7) | (60.0–90.0) | 84.0 | 97.4 | |
| Interventional | 5 | 1477 | 79.0 (73.5 to 84.1) | (60.0–90.0) | 16.0 | 82.8 | |
| Study setting | <0.001 | ||||||
| Health facility | 28 | 15 610 | 76.3 (73.0 to 79.5) | (60.0–90.0) | 90.6 | 96.4 | |
| Prison | 1 | 73 | 34.2 (23.5 to 46.3) | IE | 2.8 | 0.00 | |
| Community | 1 | 285 | 87.7 (83.3 to 91.3) | IE | 3.2 | 0.00 | |
| Health facility and community | 1 | 2226 | 91.8 (90.6 to 92.9) | IE | 3.4 | 0.00 | |
| Residence | <0.001 | ||||||
| Rural | 2 | 633 | 86.4 (83.6 to 89.0) | IE | 6.5 | 0.00 | |
| Semi/periurban | 2 | 320 | 82.3 (77.9 to 86.3) | IE | 6.1 | 0.00 | |
| Urban | 13 | 7495 | 70.6 (64.2 to 76.7) | (40.0–90.0) | 41.4 | 96.8 | |
| Both rural and urban | 14 | 9746 | 78.9 (73.7 to 83.7) | (50.0–100.0) | 45.9 | 97.2 | |
| HDI rating | <0.001 | ||||||
| Low | 30 | 1211 | 76.7 (73.1 to 80.1) | 76.7 (50.0–90.0) | 96.6 | 96.2 | |
| Medium | 1 | 16 983 | 64.7 (62.0 to 67.4) | IE | 3.4 | 0.00 | |
| TB treatment category | 0.629 | ||||||
| Category I and II | 4 | 2867 | 78.9 (66.9) | (20.0–100.0) | 13.1 | 97.8 | |
| Category I | 20 | 12 266 | 76.2 (71.3 to 80.7) | (50.0–90.0) | 63.9 | 97.1 | |
| Category II | 3 | 873 | 72.1 (65.6 to 78.1) | IE | 9.7 | 0.00 | |
| Not reported | 4 | 2188 | 76.7 (70.2 to 82.5) | IE | 13.2 | 90.4 |
IE: 95% PI are inestimable because there are less than three studies.
BC-PTB, bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis; HDI, Human Development Index; IE, inestimable; PI, prediction interval; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa; TB, tuberculosis; TSR, treatment success rate.