Table 1

Sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the teachers by school EPA status,* stratified by school level (n=1507)

	Primary school teachers			Lower secondary school teachers
	Non-EPA (n=788)	EPA (n=154)	P value†	Non-EPA (n=452)	EPA (n=113)	P value†
Sociodemographic factors
Sex, % women	85	83	0.53	65	61	0.38
Age category in years, %			0.01			0.01
≤34	24	36		25	39
35–49	53	48		50	42
≥50	22	16		26	19
Family status, %			0.96			0.15
In a couple, with child	63	62		53	47
In a couple, without child	17	16		25	28
Single, with child	9	10		7	3
Single, without child	11	12		16	22
Professional factors – individual level
Teaching level, %			0.28
Nursery school (preschool)	33	38
Elementary school	67	62
Number of students per class, m±SD	24±5	22±4	0.001	24±5	22±4	<0.001
Working time in hours per week, m±SD
Teaching	25	25	0.64	19	19	0.95
Other tasks	17	17	0.74	20	18	0.03
Part-time, %	15	11	0.20	15	14	0.78
Travel time home to work, %			<0.001			0.76
≤15 min	69	56		45	44
16–44 min	29	36		49	48
≥45 min	3	9		6	8
Psychosocial work environment,‡ m±SD
Psychological demand (score/36)	24±4	24±4	0.39	24±4	23±4	0.45
Decision latitude (score/96)	76±8	76±8	0.45	76±8	75±8	0.34
Social support (score/32)	22±4	22±4	0.57	23±4	23±4	0.75
Psychological violence at work,§ %			0.59			0.72
Neither witness nor victim	66	57		40	44
Witness but not victim	19	23		39	38
Victim	16	19		20	18
Professional factors – school level
School localisation, %			<0.001			0.01
Urban	24	49		39	52
Suburban	34	38		31	33
Rural	42	13		30	15
School size, %			0.03			0.06
≤199 students	70	60		4	3
200–599	30	39		55	71
≥600	0	1		41	26

*‘Education Priority Area (EPA)’ is an administrative classification of the French Ministry of Education and was used to define low-SES schools.
†χ² tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables.
‡Derived from the Job Content Questionnaire.27
§Self-reported exposure based on Leymann’s definition of psychological violence questionnaire.28
SES, socioeconomic status.