Cohort | No of subjects | Dates of enrolment | Mean follow-up years | Women (%) | Mean age (SD) at entry | Median (range) of age at entry | Education level | All causes | Cause of death (%) | |||||
≤ Primary (N (%)) | Secondary (N (%)) | Trade/ technical (N (%)) | ≥University (N (%)) | # death (mortality%) | CVD (N (%)) | Cancer (N (%)) | Other (N (%)) | |||||||
Mainland China | ||||||||||||||
SMHS | 60 611 | 2002–2006 | 9.4 | 0 | 55.3 (9.7) | 53 (40–75) | 4084 (6.7) | 20 334 (33.6) | 21 858 (36.1) | 14 335 (23.7) | 5364 (8.9) | 1772 (33.0) | 2328 (43.4) | 1264 (23.6) |
SWHS | 74 925 | 1996–2000 | 14.9 | 100 | 52.6 (9.1) | 50 (40–71) | 16 181 (21.6) | 27 682 (37.0) | 20 890 (27.9) | 10 172 (13.6) | 7651 (10.2) | 2490 (32.5) | 3219 (42.1) | 1942 (25.4) |
SCS | 18 100 | 1986–1989 | 16.3 | 0 | 55.3 (5.7) | 56 (35–76) | 5156 (28.5) | 8472 (46.8) | 1067 (5.9) | 3405 (18.8) | 4983 (27.5) | 1686 (33.8) | 1974 (39.6) | 1323 (26.6) |
Taiwan | ||||||||||||||
CBCSP | 23 810 | 1991–1992 | 15.2 | 49.7 | 47.3 (10.0) | 48(29–66) | 14 998 (63.0) | 3279 (13.8) | 3560 (15.0) | 1973 (8.3) | 2767 (11.6) | 558 (20.2) | 1013 (36.6) | 1196 (43.2) |
CVDFACTS | 5142 | 1990–1993 | 14.9 | 55.9 | 47.5 (15.6) | 48 (18–92) | 2366 (46.0) | 2031 (39.5) | – | 745 (14.5) | 825 (16.0) | 220 (26.7) | 218 (26.4) | 387 (46.9) |
Singapore | ||||||||||||||
SCHS | 63 247 | 1993–1999 | 11.5 | 55.8 | 56.5 (8.0) | 56 (43–83) | 45 379 (71.8) | 14 621 (23.1) | 2223 (3.5) | 1024 (1.6) | 10 682 (16.9) | 3708 (34.7) | 3887 (36.4) | 3087 (28.9) |
Japan | ||||||||||||||
JACC | 69 951 | 1988–1990 | 12.5 | 58.6 | 57.4 (10.0) | 58 (40–79) | 41 978 (60.0) | 18 724 (26.8) | 6918 (9.9) | 2331 (3.3) | 9717 (13.9) | 3011 (31.0) | 3610 (37.2) | 3096 (31.9) |
JPHC | 40 692 | 1990–1992 | 21 | 52.1 | 49.5 (5.9) | 50 (40–59) | 21 248 (52.2) | 14 761 (36.3) | 2752 (6.8) | 1931 (4.7) | 6608 (16.2) | 1738 (26.3) | 2744 (41.5) | 2126 (32.2) |
Miyagi | 43 525 | 1990 | 16.2 | 52.1 | 52.0 (7.6) | 52 (40–64) | 26 101 (60.0) | 11 651 (26.8) | 4147 (9.5) | 1626 (3.7) | 5086 (11.7) | 1376 (27.1) | 2359 (46.4) | 1351 (26.6) |
Ohsaki | 46 990 | 1995 | 10.8 | 51.6 | 60.1 (10.3) | 61 (40–80) | 28 387 (60.4) | 15 060 (32.1) | 2601 (5.5) | 942 (2.0) | 7517 (16.0) | 2422 (32.2) | 2654 (35.3) | 2441 (32.5) |
Takayama | 31 106 | 1992 | 13.6 | 54.2 | 55.9 (12.8) | 55 (35–101) | 19 730 (63.4) | 9013 (29.0) | – | 2363 (7.6) | 6076 (19.5) | 2026 (33.3) | 1771 (29.2) | 2279 (37.5) |
LSS | 47 928 | 1963–1993 | 22 | 59.9 | 52.1 (13.6) | 51 (19–99) | 21 889 (45.7) | 20 605 (43.0) | – | 5434 (11.3) | 24 818 (51.8) | 9109 (36.7) | 6734 (27.1) | 8975 (36.2) |
Republic of Korea | ||||||||||||||
SeoulM | 13 697 | 1992–1993 | 15.6 | 0 | 49.2 (5.2) | 49 (25–82) | 133 (1.0) | 6227 (45.5) | – | 7337 (53.6) | 894 (6.5) | 154 (17.2) | 493 (55.2) | 247 (27.6) |
India | ||||||||||||||
Mumbai | 142 973 | 1991–1997 | 5.2 | 40.9 | 50.5 (11.1) | 49 (35–98) | 92 639 (64.8) | 43 908 (30.7) | – | 6426 (4.5) | 9147 (6.4) | 4008 (43.8) | 797 (8.7) | 4342 (47.5) |
Bangladesh | ||||||||||||||
HEALS | 11 737 | 2000–2002 | 12.3 | 57.1 | 37.1 (10.1) | 36 (17–75) | 8705 (74.2) | 2915 (24.8) | 117 (1.0) | – | 888 (7.6) | 367 (41.3) | 138 (15.5) | 383 (43.1) |
Total | 694 434 | 1963–2006 | 12.5 | 49.6 | 53.2 (10.7) | 52 (17–101) | 348 974 (50.2) | 219 283 (31.6) | 66 133 (9.5) | 60 044 (8.7) | 103 023 (14.8) | 34 645 (33.6) | 33 939 (33.0) | 34 439 (33.4) |
Participants without complete information on educational level, vital status, baseline age or follow-up time were excluded; among all participants, 12 people aged 17 years and 2 people aged 101 years.
Participants who died from unknown causes were excluded from analysis.
CBCSP, Community-based Cancer Screening Project; CVDFACTS, CardioVascular Disease risk FACtor Two-township Study; HEALS, Health Effects for Arsenic Longitudinal Study Bangladesh; JACC, Japan Collaborative Cohort Study; JPHC, Japan Public Health Center-based prospective Study; LSS, Life Span Study Cohort; Miyagi, Miyagi Cohort; Mumbai, Mumbai Cohort Study; Ohsaki, Ohsaki National Health Insurance Cohort Study; SCHS, Singapore Chinese Health Study; SCS, Shanghai Cohort Study; SMHS, Shanghai Men's Health Study; SWHS, Shanghai Women’s Health Study; SeoulM, Seoul Male Cancer Cohort; Takayama, Takayama Study.