Patient characteristics stratified by ICU outcome
| Patient characteristics | All patients (N=4506) | ICU survivors (N=4007) | ICU non-survivors (N=499) |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 63 (17.0) | 63 (17.3) | 68 (13.2) |
| Age group, years, n (%) | |||
| <30 | 254 (5.6) | 246 (6.1) | 8 (1.6) |
| 30–39 | 232 (5.1) | 223 (5.6) | 9 (1.8) |
| 40–49 | 412 (9.1) | 384 (9.6) | 28 (5.6) |
| 50–59 | 643 (14.3) | 586 (14.6) | 57 (11.4) |
| 60–69 | 1100 (24.4) | 966 (24.1) | 134 (26.9) |
| 70–79 | 1159 (25.7) | 1003 (25.0) | 156 (31.3) |
| 80+ | 706 (15.7) | 599 (14.9) | 107 (21.4) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 2561 (56.8) | 2264 (56.5) | 297 (59.5) |
| Female | 1945 (43.2) | 1743 (43.5) | 202 (40.5) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White | 4176 (92.7) | 3706 (92.5) | 470 (94.2) |
| Asian or Asian British | 81 (1.8) | 69 (1.7) | 12 (2.4) |
| Black or Black British | 42 (0.9) | 39 (1.0) | 3 (0.6) |
| Mixed ethnicity or other ethnic group | 79 (1.8) | 74 (1.8) | 5 (1.0) |
| Not stated | 128 (2.8) | 119 (3.0) | 9 (1.8) |
| Quintile of deprivation, n (%) | |||
| 1 (least deprived) | 774 (17.3) | 690 (17.4) | 84 (17) |
| 2 | 905 (20.3) | 812 (20.4) | 93 (18.8) |
| 3 | 928 (20.8) | 822 (20.7) | 106 (21.4) |
| 4 | 950 (21.3) | 841 (21.2) | 109 (22) |
| 5 (most deprived) | 912 (20.4) | 809 (20.4) | 103 (20.8) |
| Distance (km) from home to hospital, median (IQR) | 33.1 (67.8) 9.3 (4.3–19.9) (4475) | 10 (4–20) | 8 (4–16) |
| APACHE II severe co-morbidities, n (%) | |||
| Liver | 124 (2.8) | 94 (2.3) | 30 (6.0) |
| Renal | 108 (2.4) | 97 (2.4) | 11 (2.2) |
| Respiratory | 146 (3.2) | 119 (3.0) | 27 (5.4) |
| Cardiovascular | 117 (2.6) | 100 (2.5) | 17 (3.4) |
| Metastatic cancer | 121 (2.7) | 110 (2.7) | 11 (2.2) |
| Haematological malignancy | 103 (2.3) | 81 (2.0) | 22 (4.4) |
| Immunocompromise | 369 (8.2) | 318 (7.9) | 51 (10.2) |
| Prior dependency, n (%) | |||
| Able to live without assistance | 3267 (72.5) | 2944 (73.5) | 323 (64.7) |
| Minor or major assistance | 1171 (26.0) | 1004 (25.1) | 167 (33.5) |
| Total assistance | 47 (1.0) | 42 (1.0) | 5 (1.0) |
| Unknown | 21 (0.5) | 17 (0.4) | 4 (0.8) |
| Surgical status, n (%) | |||
| Non-surgical | 2808 (62.3) | 2396 (59.8) | 412 (82.6) |
| Planned admission following elective or scheduled surgery | 702 (15.6) | 686 (17.1) | 16 (3.2) |
| Unplanned admission following surgery of any urgency | 996 (22.1) | 925 (23.1) | 71 (14.2) |
| ICNARC Physiology Score, mean (SD) | 18 (8.3) | 18 (7.9) | 26 (8.1) |
| APACHE II score, mean (SD) | 17 (6.3) | 16 (6.1) | 21 (6.2) |
| ICU length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 4.9 (2.9−9.1) | 4.8 (2.8−9.0) | 6.0 (3.6−10.6) |
| Organ support received in the ICU, n (%) | |||
| Advanced respiratory support | 2540 (56.4) | 2124 (53.0) | 416 (83.4) |
| Advanced cardiovascular support | 1325 (29.4) | 1037 (25.9) | 288 (57.7) |
| Renal support | 691 (15.3) | 510 (12.7) | 181 (36.3) |
| Neurological support* | 617 (13.7) | 503 (12.6) | 114 (22.8) |
| Duration (calendar days) of organ support among those receiving the support, median (IQR) | |||
| Advanced respiratory support | 5.0 (2.0−9.0) | 4 (2−9) | 6 (4−10) |
| Advanced cardiovascular support | 3.0 (2.0−4.0) | 2 (2−4) | 3 (2−5) |
| Renal support | 4.0 (3.0−8.0) | 4 (3−8) | 4 (3−8) |
| Neurological support | 3.0 (2.0−7.0) | 3 (2−7) | 3 (2−5) |
| Death before acute hospital discharge, n (%) | 852 (19.2) | 353 (8.9) | N/A |
*Including admission receiving invasive neurological monitoring or treatment, continuous intravenous medication for seizures and/or cerebral monitoring, and therapeutic hypothermia using protocols and devices.
APACHE, Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICNARC, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre; ICU, intensive care unit; N/A, not applicable.