Demographic, anthropometric and plasma biochemical characteristics of subjects
| Characteristics | Male (n=49 789) | Female (n=59 762) | P value |
| Mean age (mean, SD) | 59.15±11.150 | 59.30±10.894 | 0.028 |
| Age | |||
| 40–49 | 11 842 (23.8) | 13 095 (21.9) | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 13 872 (27.9) | 17 504 (29.3) | |
| ≥60 | 24 075 (48.4) | 29 163 (8.8) | |
| Education | |||
| Primary school and below | 17 504 (35.2) | 28 786 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| Middle school | 9277 (38.7) | 19 018 (31.8) | |
| High school or the equivalent | 8339 (16.7) | 8623 (14.4) | |
| University or other tertiary degree | 4669 (9.4) | 3335 (5.6) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 47 467 (95.3) | 54 729 (91.6) | <0.001 |
| Single or divorced | 1001 (2.0) | 844 (1.4) | |
| Widowed | 1321 (2.7) | 4189 (7.0) | |
| Physical activity* | 37 637 (75.6) | 44 241 (74.0) | <0.001 |
| Smokers | 21 378 (42.9) | 2196 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Drinkers | 13 581 (27.3) | 1485 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 3238 (6.5) | 5111 (8.6) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2553 (5.1) | 3961 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 4617 (9.3) | 4432 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 21 688 (43.6) | 26 165 (43.8) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6799 (13.7) | 9000 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Family history of stroke | 7131 (14.3) | 9083 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| Family history of coronary heart disease | 2885 (5.8) | 4448 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Family history of hypertension | 9148 (18.4) | 11 499 (19.2) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertension medication in 2 weeks | 13 659 (27.4) | 16 811 (28.1) | 0.010 |
| Antidiabetic medication in 2 weeks | 4282 (8.6) | 5663 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (mean, SD) | 24.87±3.520 | 24.90±3.809 | 0.306 |
| Waistline (mean, SD) | 87.55±10.45 | 84.19±10.45 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) (NCEP ATP III and AHA/NHLBI)† | 3608 (7.2) | 20 215 (33.8) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) (IDF)‡ | 19 964 (40.1) | 40 999 (68.6) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 134.94±18.47 | 134.00±19.85 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 83.23±11.30 | 81.44±11.21 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.76±1.36 | 1.73±1.18 | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.77±1.09 | 5.01±1.15 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.43±0.61 | 1.50±0.57 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.80±0.93 | 2.92±0.97 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.76±1.76 | 5.75±1.77 | 0.292 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) (NCEP ATP III)§ | 11 353 (22.8) | 13 242 (22.2) | 0.011 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) (AHA/NHLBI and IDF)¶ | 19 846 (39.9) | 23 158 (38.8) | <0.001 |
*Physical activity ≥3 per week and ≥30 min each time, or the person works in non-industrial/agriculture labour.
†Waist circumference ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women.
‡Waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women.
§Fasting glucose level of ≥5.6 mmol/L.
¶Fasting glucose level of ≥6.1 mmol/L.
AHA, American Heart Association; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NCEP ATP III, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III; NHLBI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.