Association with intervention intensity with weight loss achieved and mortality
| Characteristic | Weight loss (from baseline and final reported)* | Mortality | |||||
| N studies† | Weight of studies | Mean difference Random effect model (kg) (95% CI) | N studies | Weight of studies | Total deaths/total patients (mortality rate) | OR Fixed effect model (95% CI) | |
| Number of interventions per year | |||||||
| ≤ 6 | 3 | 9% | 0.84 (0.28 to 1.40) | 3 | 1% | 5/510 (1.0%) | 1.45 (0.22 to 9.40) |
| 7– 12 | 6 | 17% | 2.04 (0.84 to 3.24) | 6 | 2% | 10/2022 (0.5%) | 1.34 (0.35 to 5.16) |
| 13– 24 | 4 | 15% | 2.46 (0.67 to 5.59) | 6 | 4% | 23/3490 (0.7%) | 1.20 (0.49 to 2.96) |
| ≥ 25 | 17 | 60% | 3.53 (2.92 to 4.13) | 17 | 93% | 555/13578 (4.1%) | 0.84 (0.71 to 1.00) |
| BMI‡ | |||||||
| 25– 29 | 6 | 19% | 1.37 (−0.09 to 2.82) | 8 | 11% | 23/3890 (0.6%) | 1.58 (0.64 to 3.90) |
| 30– 35 | 16 | 48% | 3.09 (2.11 to 4.06) | 14 | 22% | 136/8374 (1.6%) | 0.93 (0.65 to 1.33) |
| > 35 | 6 | 23% | 4.04 (2.47 to 5.61) | 6 | 67% | 384/6370 (6%) | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.05) |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Cardiometabolic risk factor present | 16 | 56% | 2.86 (2.10 to 3.63) | 18 | 90% | 529/14311 (3.7%) | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08) |
| Healthy population | 8 | 29% | 3.03 (1.53 to 4.52) | 8 | 3% | 12/3458 (0.3%) | 1.23 (0.39 to 3.89) |
| Other (arthritis, asthma and mental illness) | 4 | 9% | 3.35 (2.18 to 4.52) | 4 | 2% | 7/1275 (0.6%) | 0.74 (0.16 to 3.37) |
| Cancer | 2 | 6% | 2.70 (1.57 to 3.83) | 2 | 6% | 2/438 (0.5%) | 0.98 (0.06 to 15.74) |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 40– 49 | 12 | 47% | 2.29 (0.97 to 3.61) | 14 | 9% | 50/9868 (0.5%) | 1.28 (0.71 to 2.30) |
| 50– 59 | 12 | 39% | 3.27 (2.38 to 4.15) | 12 | 69% | 396/9691 (3.8%) | 0.84 (0.69 to 1.04) |
| > 60 | 7 | 14% | 4.50 (2.76 to 6.25) | 7 | 22% | 155/2202 (7.0%) | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.10) |
| Look AHEAD | 1 | 4% | 3.40 (3.30 to 3.50) | 1 | 65% | 376/5145 (7.3%) | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.05) |
| All other studies | 29 | 96% | 3.01 (2.23 to 3.79) | 32 | 35% | 207/14455 (1.4%) | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.17) |
| Total | 30 | 100% | 2.95 ( 2.35 to 3.55) | 32 | 100% | 593/19463 (3.1%) | 0.86 ( 0.73 to 1.02) |
*P<0.0001 for all.
†Da Quing excluded for all weight loss.
‡TAIM55 and HCP22 excluded for BMI.
BMI, body mass index.