Baseline demographics of participants
| Control (n=29) | Choir (n=33) | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 51 (15) | 58 (14) | 0.075 * |
| Sex, % female | 72.4 | 81.8 | 0.54† |
| Income, % | 0.076† | ||
| <£16 000 | 12.0 | 20.7 | |
| £16,000-£30 000 | 24.0 | 41.4 | |
| £31,000-£60 000 | 32.0 | 24.1 | |
| £61,000-£90 000 | 32.0 | 6.9 | |
| >£91 000 | 0 | 6.9 | |
| Employment status, % | 0.22† | ||
| Unemployed | 13.8 | 3.2 | |
| Voluntary | 0 | 6.5 | |
| Part-time work | 20.7 | 29.0 | |
| Full-time work | 37.9 | 22.6 | |
| Retired | 27.6 | 38.7 | |
| Currently having therapy, % | 10.3 | 24.2 | 0.19† |
| Health condition, % | 72.4 | 60.6 | 0.42† |
| Previously sung in a choir, % | 65.5 | 48.5 | 0.21† |
| Confidence in singing, % | 0.040† | ||
| 1—not at all | 50 | 21.2 | |
| 2 | 21.4 | 12.1 | |
| 3 | 21.4 | 36.4 | |
| 4 | 3.6 | 21.2 | |
| 5—very | 3.6 | 9.1 | |
| Attended a concert or performance in the past month, % | 32.1 | 51.5 | 0.19† |
| Took part in a music activity in the past month, % | 18.5 | 36.4 | 0.16† |
| Length of time being a carer, % | 0.45† | ||
| 0–3 months | 0 | 9.7 | |
| 3–12 months | 17.9 | 19.4 | |
| 1–3 years | 50 | 35.5 | |
| 3–5 years | 14.3 | 22.6 | |
| 5+ years | 17.9 | 12.9 | |
| Anxiety, mean (SD) | 8.04 (4.71) | 8.97 (4.19) | 0.42* |
| Depression, mean (SD) | 5.43 (4.49) | 4.88 (3.08) | 0.57* |
| Well-being, mean (SD) | 23.15 (4.36) | 21.71 (3.70) | 0.17* |
*One-way ANOVA.
†Fisher’s exact test.