Table 5

Generalised linear mixed models to show relationship between maternal educational attainment, type of intervention and (a) gestational weight gain per week (kg), and (b) gestational weight gain per week as per the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines

	Education	Intervention type	(a) Gestational weight gain per week (kg/week)		(b) Gestational weight gain per week as per the IOM guidelines
					Excessive weight gain		Inadequate weight gain
			B (95% CI)	P value*	OR (95% CI)	P value*	OR (95% CI)	P value*
Model 1†	Lower (n=1910)	Mixed approach	−0.044 (−0.069 to −0.019)	<0.001	0.745 (0.572 to 0.971)	0.029	1.039 (0.745 to 1.449)	0.821
		Diet based	−0.053 (−0.097 to −0.009)	0.018	0.524 (0.351 to 0.782)	0.002	0.496 (0.285 to 0.864)	0.013
		Physical activity based	−0.020 (−0.069 to 0.029)	0.422	0.704 (0.446 to 1.110)	0.131	0.634 (0.333 to 1.208)	0.166
		Control	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Higher (n=3273)	Mixed approach	−0.056 (−0.071 to to −0.040)	<0.001	0.930 (0.753 to 1.150)	0.504	1.407 (1.057 to 1.874)	0.019
		Diet based	−0.015 (−0.038 to 0.009)	0.213	0.619 (0.446 to 0.858)	0.004	0.943 (0.565 to 1.574)	0.822
		Physical activity based	−0.014 (−0.036 to 0.008)	0.206	1.027 (0.753 to 1.402)	0.865	1.209 (0.770 to 1.899)	0.410
		Control	Ref		Ref		Ref
Model 2‡	Lower (n=1884)	Mixed approach	−0.044 (−0.069 to −0.020)	<0.001	0.735 (0.561 to 0.963)	0.026	1.041 (0.744 to 1.458)	0.813
		Diet based	−0.055 (−0.098 to −0.012)	0.012	0.515 (0.339 to 0.785)	0.002	0.504 (0.288 to 0.884)	0.017
		Physical activity based	−0.018 (−0.068 to 0.032)	0.472	0.660 (0.405 to 1.075)	0.095	0.612 (0.314 to 1.193)	0.149
		Control	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Higher (n=3251)	Mixed approach	−0.053 (−0.069 to −0.037)	<0.001	0.947 (0.765 to 1.174)	0.620	1.411 (1.056 to 1.884)	0.020
		Diet based	−0.013 (−0.037 to 0.010)	0.271	0.609 (0.437 to 0.849)	0.003	0.962 (0.572 to 1.616)	0.882
		Physical activity based	−0.018 (−0.040 to 0.004)	0.111	1.030 (0.751 to 1.413)	0.855	1.205 (0.761 to 1.909)	0.427
		Control	Ref		Ref		Ref

Lower education: secondary education or less. Higher education: at least some tertiary education.
Mixed approach interventions included components of diet, physical activity, GWG monitoring and/or behaviour change.
*P value: Wald test.
†With fixed effects. Weight gain per week (kg/week) adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²).
‡With fixed effects. Adjusted for maternal age, parity and ethnicity. Weight gain per week (kg/week) adjusted for BMI (kg/m²).