Univariable analysis and the final baseline and baseline plus 6-week follow-up linear multivariable models for the 6month TUG score
| Variable | Univariable analysis | Final multivariable baseline model | Final multivariable baseline plus 6-week follow-up model | |||
| β coefficient (95% CI) | P value | β coefficient (95% CI) | P value | β coefficient (95% CI) | P value | |
| Baseline | ||||||
| Constant | 24.86 (−0.31, 50.03) | 0.05 | 51.72 (29.34 to 74.11) | <0.001 | ||
| Preinjury OMAS score | −0.38 (−0.45 to 0.30) | <0.001 | −0.09 (−0.19, 0.0007) | 0.05 | ||
| Alcohol consumed per week (units) | −0.24 (−0.38 to 0.10) | 0.001 | ||||
| EQ-5D-3L VAS Score (postinjury) | −0.12 (−0.18 to 0.06) | <0.001 | −0.05 (−0.10, 0.006) | 0.08 | ||
| Sex | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.02 | |||
| Female | 5.64 (2.51 to 8.78) | 3.61 (0.93 to 6.29) | 3.30 (0.57 to 6.03) | |||
| Walking distance* | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| >0.5 mile | −19.67 (−22.80 to 16.53) | −12.26 (−15.87 to 8.65) | −9.90 (−13.30 to 6.50) | |||
| Walking aid | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 19.00 (15.35 to 22.64) | 7.67 (3.34 to 11.99) | 6.10 (2.35 to 9.85) | |||
| Smoking status† | 0.33 | 0.04 | ||||
| Ex-smoker | −0.06 (−5.11, 4.99) | −1.26 (−5.48, 2.96) | ||||
| Never | −2.15 (−7.10, 2.81) | −3.93 (−8.07, 0.21) | ||||
| Health status‡ | <0.001 | |||||
| Very good | 1.62 (−1.84, 5.07) | |||||
| Good | 7.68 (3.90 to 11.46) | |||||
| Fair | 18.08 (12.70 to 23.47) | |||||
| Poor | 23.27 (6.60 to 39.94) | |||||
| Patient age | 0.79 (0.61 to 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.36 (0.18 to 0.54) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.20 to 0.54) | <0.001 |
| MMSE | −2.15 (−2.75 to 1.54) | <0.001 | −0.89 (−1.46 to 0.32) | 0.002 | −1.35 (−1.91 to 0.79) | <0.001 |
| EQ-5D-3L VAS Score (day before injury) | −0.35 (−0.43 to 0.26) | <0.001 | ||||
| EQ-5D-3L score (day before injury) | −21.22 (−28.46 to 13.97) | <0.001 | 6.73 (−0.99, 14.44) | 0.09 | ||
| EQ-5D-3L score (postinjury) | −8.48 (−13.92 to 3.03) | 0.002 | ||||
| Number of comorbidities | 3.43 (2.34 to 4.46) | <0.001 | ||||
| Fracture pattern | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||||
| Weber C | 4.61 (0.46 to 8.76) | 3.97 (0.44 to 7.50) | ||||
| Admitted from§ | 0.67 | |||||
| Warden accommodation | 0.82 (−11.44, 13.07) | |||||
| Acute hospital | 6.72 (−17.66, 31.11) | |||||
| Community hospital | −0.50 (−24.89, 23.89) | |||||
| Temporary residence | −9.53 (−22.62, 3.56) | |||||
| Treatment received¶ | 0.35 | |||||
| ORIF | −0.94 (−3.75, 1.87) | |||||
| Other | 4.95 (−3.41, 13.31) | |||||
| Home support** | 0.03 | |||||
| Live alone or with someone | −15.40 (−29.47 to 1.34) | |||||
| Additional 6 week variables | ||||||
| 6-week EQ-5D-3L VAS | −0.24 (−0.32 to 0.16) | <0.001 | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.00) | 0.05 | ||
| Readmission to hospital | 0.06 | 0.03 | ||||
| Yes | −4.83 (−9.81, 0.15) | −4.49 (−8.60 to 0.38) | ||||
| Started partial weight bearing | 0.96 | |||||
| Yes | 0.08 (−2.77, 2.92) | |||||
| Radiological malalignment present | 0.24 | |||||
| Yes | −1.73 (−4.59 1.13) | |||||
| Range of injured ankle motion dorsiflexion | −0.005 (−0.16, 0.15) | 0.95 | ||||
| Range of injured ankle motion plantar flexion | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.12) | 0.83 | ||||
| 6-week OMAS | −0.13 (−0.22 to 0.04) | 0.005 | ||||
| 6-week EQ-5D-3L score | −23.76 (−29.46 to 18.06) | <0.001 | −11.11 (−16.13 to 6.09) | <0.001 | ||
↵*Reference category for walking distance is ‘<0.5 mile’.
↵†Reference category for smoking status is ‘Current smoker’.
↵‡Reference category for health status is ‘Excellent’.
↵§Reference category for admitted from is ‘Own home’.
↵¶Reference category for treatment received from is ‘CCC’.
↵**Reference category for home support is ‘live with care or has external care support’.
NB, EQ-5D-3L VAS Score (postinjury) omitted from final model by backward selection and correlation with 6-week score.
MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; OMAS, Olerud and Molander Ankle Scale; ORIF, Open Reduction and Internal Fixation; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale