Baseline characteristics of first-year medical students (n=315), reliability and sample items of the scales*
| Mean | SD | Min | Max | Cronbach’s α | Sample item | |
| Intrinsic motivation | 5.49 | 0.73 | 2.8 | 7.0 | 0.79 | Doing research is fun. |
| Extrinsic motivation | 5.66 | 0.80 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 0.77 | I think doing research improves my chances for my preferred residency spot. |
| Self-efficacy | 5.25 | 0.73 | 3.1 | 6.9 | 0.88 | I feel I am competent enough to do research. |
| Perceptions of research | 5.53 | 0.81 | 2.4 | 7.0 | 0.83 | It is important for medical professionals to have scientific skills. |
| Curiosity | 5.13 | 0.81 | 2.9 | 7.0 | 0.87 | I enjoy investigating new ideas. |
*Based on a 7-point Likert scale.