Cross-tabulations of included associations according to direction, significance, quality and publication year
| Significance | Direction | Quality | Direction | ||
| Positive % (n) | Negative % (n) | Positive % (n) | Negative % (n) | ||
| Significant | 54.9 (56) | 8.0 (2) | Moderate/high | 31.4 (32) | 68.0 (17) |
| Non-significant | 45.1 (46) | 92.0 (23) | Low | 68.6 (70) | 32.0 (8) |
| OR=14.00*** (3.130 to 65.53) | OR=0.22** (0.08 to 0.55) | ||||
| χ2 (1, n=127)=17.80, p=0.000, phi=0.37 | χ2 (1, n=127)=11.37, p=0.001, phi=−0.30 | ||||
| Quality | Publication year | Quality | Significance | ||
| ≥Year 2000 % (n) | <Year 2000 % (n) | Significant % (n) | Non-significant % (n) | ||
| Moderate/high | 47.2 (42) | 23.3 (10) | Moderate/high | 32.8 (20) | 44.9 (31) |
| Low | 52.8 (47) | 76.7 (33) | Low | 67.2 (41) | 55.1 (38) |
| OR=2.95** (1.30 to 6.70) | OR= 0.60ns (0.29 to 1.22) | ||||
| χ2 (1, n=132)=6.96, p=0.008, phi=0.23 | χ2 (1, n=130)=2.00, p=0.157ns, phi=−0.12 | ||||
OR, with 95% CI; χ2=chi square test of independence, with phi coefficient.
**P<0.01; ***p<0.001.
ns, non-significant.