Table 1

Database search strategy

Ovid MEDLINE search
Key term#Hits
1exp ALCOHOLS/or Binge drink*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]621 613
2(illicit adj2 drug*).tw.9827
3Marijuana.mp. or exp Cannabis/22 250
4(Inhalant adj2 nitrite).tw.40
5Street Drugs/10 253
6poppers.tw.338
7exp COCAINE/or exp CRACK COCAINE/24 487
8(Amphetamines or N-Methyl-3,4- methylenedioxyamphetamineor 3,4- Methylenedioxyamphetamine or Ecstasy or MDMA or MDA).tw.56 092
9(Psychedelic* or Psychotropic Drugs).tw.6855
10exp HEROIN/5376
11Opiate*.tw.23 681
12exp OPIUM/1961
13exp BENZODIAZEPINES/63 290
14Demerol.tw. or exp Meperidine/5791
15(Cigarette* or tabacco).tw.63 819
16(Psychedelic adj2 drug*).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]218
17(Hallucinogenic adj2 Drug*).mp. or hallucinogens.tw. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]1630
18Vicodin.tw.56
19exp CODEINE/6561
20exp FENTANYL/15 005
21Sedative*.tw.17 745
22Valium.tw. or exp Diazepam/17 699
23Xanax.tw. or Alprazolam/1754
24Ritalin.tw. or exp Methylphenidate/6870
25Adderall.tw.158
26(Erectile adj2 dysfunction adj2 drug).tw.57
27Viagra.tw. or Sildenafil Citrate/5335
28Cialis.tw. or Tadalafil/1317
29(Levitra or Vardenafil Dihydrochloride).tw.101
30Crystal.tw.189 761
31(GHB or Gamma-hydroxybutyrate).tw.2544
32canada/85 054
33(Canada or Canad*).tw.112 521
34(alberta or british columbia or nova scotia or prince edward island or newfoundland or labrador or nunavut or northwest territories or Yukon or Quebec or Saskatchewan or manitoba or Ontario or new brunswick).ti,ab.60 865
35Caribbean.mp. or exp Caribbean Region/35 105
36(Black* or Caribbean or African or Immigrant* or immigra* or migration or migrant*).tw.493 685
37(Black adj2 canadian*).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]32
38Ethnic Groups/or foreign-born.mp.59 963
39(new adj2 Canadian).tw.197
40(asylum or new comer or refugees or minorit*).tw.66 945
41racial*.mp.36 734
42substance-related disorders/or alcohol-related disorders/or amphetamine-related disorders/or cocaine-related disorders/or drug overdose/or heroin dependence/or inhalant abuse/or marijuana abuse/or opioid-related disorders/or phencyclidine abuse/or psychoses, substance-induced/or substance abuse, intravenous/or substance abuse, oral/or substance withdrawal syndrome/or “tobacco use disorder”/or opioid dependence.mp.172 286
43Alcoholic Intoxication/12 144
44exp OPIUM DEPENDENCE/12
45exp HEROIN DEPENDENCE/8793
46substance addiction.tw.250
47(drug adj2 addiction).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]7594
48(drug adj2 abuse).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]17 792
49exp Inhalant Abuse/187
50exp Cocaine Smoking/6
51exp Cocaine-Related Disorders/7724
52substance addiction.tw.250
53drug addiction.mp.7334
54exp Prescription Drug Misuse/11 373
55“substance use disorders”.mp.7809
561 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 311109 799
5732 or 33 or 34185 044
5835 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41622 158
5942 or 43 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 or 52 or 53 or 54 or 55196 134
6056 and 57 and 58182
6157 and 58 and 59132
6260 or 61261
63limit 62 to English language258
64limit 63 to (English language and yr=“2000–2019”)212
PsycINFO search strategy
Key terms#Hits
(Black* OR Caribbean OR Africa* OR “Black Canadian” OR black-foreign OR africa-born OR foreign-born OR caribbean-born OR radicalized groups OR ethnic groups OR “Caribbean region” OR “African ancestry” OR “black Caribbean ethnicity”) AND (canada OR ab(Canad* OR Canadian* OR alberta OR british columbia OR nova scotia OR prince edward island OR newfoundland OR labrador OR nunavut OR northwest territories OR Yukon OR Quebec OR Saskatchewan OR manitoba OR Ontario OR new brunswick)) AND (alcohol OR “illicit drug*” OR marijuana OR cannabis OR poppers OR “street drug*” OR cocaine OR “stimulant drug*” OR amphetamines abuse OR n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine OR 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine OR ecstasy OR hallucinogens OR methylenedioxymethamphetamine OR methylenedioxyamphetamine OR MDMA OR MDA OR psychedelic* OR psychotropic drug* OR heroin OR opiate* OR benzodiazepines OR demerol OR meperidine OR cigarette* OR tabacco OR “psychedelic drug*” OR “hallucinogenic drug*” OR “pain killer*” OR vicodin OR codeine OR fentanyl OR sedative* OR valium OR diazepam OR xanax OR alprazolam OR ritalin OR methylphenidate OR party drug* OR adderall OR “erectile dysfunction drug” OR viagra OR sildenafil citrate OR cialis OR tadalafil OR levitra OR “poly drug” OR crystal OR gamma-hydroxybutyrate OR gamma-hydroxybutyrate OR vardenafil OR “recreation drug*” or (substance-related disorders) OR (alcohol-related disorders) OR (amphetamine-related disorders) OR (cocaine-related disorders) OR (drug overdose) OR (heroin dependence) OR (inhalant abuse) OR (marijuana abuse) OR (opioid-related disorders) OR (phencyclidine abuse) OR psychoses OR substance-induced OR (substance abuse) OR intravenous OR (drug injection) OR (substance withdrawal syndrome) OR (tobacco use disorder) OR (opioid dependence) OR (Alcoholic Intoxication) OR (opium dependence) OR (heroin dependence) OR (substance addiction) OR (drug abuse) OR (Inhalant Abuse) OR (Cocaine Smoking) OR (Cocaine-Related Disorders) OR (substance addiction) OR (drug addiction) OR “Prescription Drug Misuse” OR “substance use disorders”) Limits: English, 2000-01-01 - 2019-04-05.321
CINHAL search strategy
Key term# Hits
S67S64 OR S65 Limiters—Published Date: 20000101–20190131; Exclude MEDLINE records108
S66S64 OR S65336
S65S46 AND S47 AND S63300
S64S35 AND S47 AND S63102
S63S48 OR S49 OR S50 OR S51 OR S52 OR S53 OR S54 OR S55 OR S56 OR S57 OR S58 OR S59 OR S60 OR S61 OR S62221 141
S62“African*”39 655
S61(MH “Africa+”)65 728
S60“racial groups”993
S59(MH “Minority Groups”)9980
S58“asylum seekers”805
S57(MH “Refugees”)5726
S56“foreign-born”1482
S55(MH “Ethnic Groups+”’)120 462
S54“Black canadian*”36
S53(MH “Transients and Migrants”)3742
S52“immigra*”21 155
S51(MH “Immigrants”)12 198
S50(MH “Blacks”) OR “African”67 751
S49“Caribbean Region”159
S48“Caribbean” OR (MH “West Indies”)3710
S47(MH “Canada”) OR (MH “Alberta”) OR (MH “British Columbia”) OR (MH “Manitoba”) OR (MH “New Brunswick”) OR (MH “Newfoundland”) OR (MH “Northwest Territories”) OR (MH “Nova Scotia”) OR (MH “Nunavut”) OR (MH “Ontario”) OR (MH “Quebec”) OR (MH “Saskatchewan”) OR (MH “Yukon Territory”)87 270
S46S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39 OR S40 OR S41 OR S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45149 256
S45“HEROIN DEPENDENCE”281
S44(MH “Inhalant Abuse”)340
S43“PRESCRIPTION DRUG MISUSE”279
S42(MH “Intravenous Drug Users”)1787
S41(MH “Substance Abuse+”)56 700
S40MH “Alcohol-Induced Disorders”670
S39MH “‘Alcohol-Induced Disorders”670
S38(MH “Substance Abuse, Intravenous’) OR “drug abuse”9226
S37“drug addiction”2243
S36(MH “Substance Use Disorders+”) OR “substance addiction” OR (MH “Behavior, Addictive+”) OR (MH “Substance Use Rehabilitation Programs+”) OR (MH “Substance Dependence+”)145 870
S35S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34151 279
S34(MH “Analgesics, Opioid+”)29 420
S33“recreational drugs”238
S32“GHB”349
S31“Gamma-hydroxybutyrate”150
S30“Crystal”3104
S29(MH “Vardenafil Hydrochloride”) OR “Levitra”99
S28“Cialis” OR (MH “Tadalafil”)123
S27“Viagra” OR (MH “Sildenafil”)1314
S26“Erectile dysfunction drug”95
S25“Adderall”92
S24(MH “Methylphenidate”) OR “Ritalin”2132
S23(MH “Methylphenidate”)2062
S22(MH “Alprazolam”) OR “Xanax”332
S21(MH “Diazepam”)972
S20“Sedative*”8160
S19(MH “Fentanyl+”)4125
S18(MH “Codeine+”) OR (MH “Oxycodone’)2217
S17“Vicodin”37
S16“Hallucinogenic Drug*”40
S15(MH “Hallucinogens+”)1587
S14(MH “Street Drugs+”’) OR (MH “Drugs, Non-Prescription”) OR “Psychedelic drug*”9003
S13(MH “Meperidine”) OR “Demerol”764
S12(MH “Antianxiety Agents, Benzodiazepine+”)8068
S11(MH “Opium+”)14 137
S10(MH “Narcotics”) OR (MH “Naloxone”) OR “Opiate*”14 104
S9(MH “Heroin’)2525
S8(MH “Psychotropic Drugs+”’)48 984
S7(MH “Amphetamines+”) OR (MH “Amphetamine+”) OR (MH “Phenethylamines+”) OR (MH “Methylenedioxymethamphetamine”)9113
S6(MH “Cocaine+”) OR (MH “Crack Cocaine”)4149
S5“poppers”85
S4(MH “Cannabis”) OR “Marijuana”10 743
S3(MH “Drugs, Off-Label”) OR (MH “Drugs, Non-Prescription”) OR (MH “Street Drugs+’)10 368
S2“party drugs”25
S1(MH “Alcohols+”)32 901