Subgroup comparisons on sleep and psychological characteristics between patients with localised MSK pain and WSP
| Localised MSK pain (n=124) | WSP (n=59) | Difference* (95% CI) | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | P value† | |
| Insomnia (AIS-8 score ≥6), n (%) | 74 (59.7) | 46 (78.0) | 18.3 (3.7 to 30.7) | N/A | 0.015 |
| Anxiety and depression, mean (SD) | |||||
| HADS-A (0–21) | 6.4 (4.2) | 6.9 (4.4) | 0.6 (−0.7 to 1.9) | 0.12 | 0.373 |
| HADS-D (0–21) | 3.5 (3.3) | 4.7 (3.8) | 1.2 (0.1 to 2.3) | 0.34 | 0.028 |
↵*Indicates difference in proportions with 95% CI for AIS-8 and mean difference with 95% CI for HADS.
↵†Statistically significant values are highlighted in bold. All p values for HADS were determined by unpaired t-tests, whereas the p value for AIS-8 was determined by χ2 test.
AIS-8, Athens Insomnia Scale; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression ScaleDepression; MSK, musculoskeletal; WSP, widespread pain.