N | With a GI condition (16.4%) | Without a GI condition (83.6%) | |||||
n | %‡ | On a restrictive diet | n | % | On a restrictive diet | ||
(60.7%)§ | (31.3%)§ | ||||||
Gender | ‡ | P=0.001 | P<0.001 | ||||
Males | 1430 | 176 | 12.3 | (49.7) | 1254 | 87.7 | (26.5) |
Female | 1482 | 302 | 20.4 | (67.1) | 1180 | 79.6 | (36.3) |
Age group (years) | ‡ | P=0.380 | P=0.005 | ||||
20–34 | 789 | 72 | 9.1 | (61.7) | 717 | 90.9 | (26.9) |
35–49 | 719 | 92 | 12.7 | (70.2) | 627 | 87.3 | (34.6) |
50–64 | 757 | 158 | 20.9 | (58.5) | 599 | 79.1 | (34.1) |
65–79 | 495 | 115 | 23.2 | (58.2) | 380 | 76.8 | (32.7) |
≥80 | 152 | 41 | 26.8 | (53.7) | 111 | 73.2 | (20.5) |
Marital status | P=0.204 | P=0.220 | |||||
Single, divorced or widowed | 970 | 161 | 16.6 | (56.6) | 809 | 83.4 | (29.3) |
Married or living with partner | 1942 | 317 | 16.3 | (62.8) | 1625 | 83.7 | (32.2) |
Area of residence | P=0.174 | P=0.201 | |||||
Urban | 2172 | 380 | 17.5 | (62.3) | 1792 | 82.5 | (32.2) |
Rural | 740 | 98 | 13.3 | (54.5) | 642 | 86.7 | (28.8) |
Attained educational level | P=0.045 | P=0.019 | |||||
Bachelor or higher | 743 | 117 | 15.7 | (63.9) | 626 | 84.3 | (32.5) |
Certificate/diploma | 821 | 146 | 17.8 | (68.5) | 675 | 82.2 | (34.8) |
Trade qualification | 384 | 50 | 13.1 | (60.7) | 334 | 86.9 | (28.3) |
Secondary | 705 | 117 | 16.6 | (53.8) | 588 | 83.4 | (25.7) |
Less than secondary | 259 | 48 | 18.4 | (45.8) | 211 | 81.6 | (32.5) |
Working status | ‡ | P=0.606 | P=0.091 | ||||
Employed full time | 1083 | 128 | 11.8 | (60.5) | 955 | 88.2 | (29.8) |
Employed part time | 594 | 95 | 16.0 | (67.3) | 499 | 84.0 | (36.6) |
Not working | 577 | 96 | 16.7 | (57.6) | 481 | 83.3 | (30.6) |
Retired | 658 | 159 | 24.1 | (58.9 | 499 | 75.9 | (29.4) |
Socioeconomic position (quartiles)¶ | P=0.788 | P=0.030 | |||||
High | 722 | 108 | 15.0 | (57.6) | 614 | 85.0 | (33.8) |
Middle-high | 725 | 121 | 16.7 | (62.0) | 604 | 83.3 | (34.1) |
Middle-low | 647 | 114 | 17.6 | (64.3) | 533 | 82.4 | (29.5) |
Low | 818 | 135 | 16.5 | (59.3) | 683 | 83.5 | (28.0) |
*Including irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and/or gastrointestinal reflux.
†Including the restriction of milk/dairy products, gluten and/or if they avoid other foods causing pain, bloating and/or diarrhoea.
‡Values in bold represent those cases where the prevalence of gastrointestinal conditions was different at a p<0.05.
§Values in parenthesis represent the percentage of individuals on a restrictive diet in the corresponding strata (with or without a gastrointestinal condition).
¶Based on the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantaged.
Italicised values have been provided for each sociodemographic variable- gender, age group, marital status, area of residence, attained educational level, working status and socioeconomic postion. The P value reported relates to differences between the proportions reporting the levels of each variable eg, male vs female or differences between age groups.
GI, gastrointestinal condition.