Summary statistics of variables
| Whole sample (n=236 030) | Reported good health (n=156 222) | Reported fair or poor health (n=79 808) | |
| Self-reported health (%) | |||
| Good | 66.19 | ||
| Fair or poor | 33.81 | ||
| Predictors (prefecture-level variables) | |||
| Land-use conversion in 2005 (%) | 1.95 (3.48) | 2.06 (3.65) | 1.76 (3.13) |
| GDP per capita in 2005 (¥10 000) | 1.87 (1.49) | 1.91 (1.53) | 1.77 (1.40) |
| Population density in 2005 (population per km2) | 548.98 (443.51) | 562.51 (449.37) | 522.51 (430.58) |
| The no of hospital beds per 1000 population in 2005 (bed) | 2.93 (1.53) | 2.96 (1.55) | 2.88 (1.49) |
| The change in land-use conversion from 2000 to 2005 (%) | 59.10 (88.93) | 60.70 (92.26) | 55.98 (81.92) |
| The change in GDP per capita from 2000 to 2005 (%) | 87.47 (41.19) | 87.39 (41.90) | 87.63 (39.77) |
| The change in population density from 2000 to 2005 (%) | 3.40 (11.88) | 3.59 (13.11) | 3.02 (8.97) |
| The change in no of hospital beds per 1000 population from 2000 to 2005 (%) | 5.21 (13.46) | 5.42 (13.44) | 4.80 (13.48) |
| Gender (%) | |||
| Female | 48.74 | 45.96 | 54.18 |
| Male | 51.26 | 54.04 | 45.82 |
| Age (years) (%) | |||
| 60–64 | 33.64 | 41.11 | 19.02 |
| 65–69 | 28.49 | 29.86 | 25.80 |
| 70–74 | 23.09 | 19.18 | 30.76 |
| 75–79 | 14.78 | 9.85 | 24.42 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||
| Han Chinese | 96.49 | 96.70 | 96.08 |
| Minority | 3.51 | 3.30 | 3.92 |
| Marital status (%) | |||
| Single, divorced or widowed | 75.34 | 79.77 | 66.67 |
| Married | 24.66 | 20.23 | 33.33 |
| Hukou status (%) | |||
| Local agricultural | 63.77 | 60.35 | 70.48 |
| Local non-agricultural | 28.68 | 31.13 | 23.87 |
| Non-local agricultural | 2.37 | 2.59 | 1.93 |
| Non-local non-agricultural | 5.18 | 5.93 | 3.72 |
| Education (%) | |||
| No schooling | 34.73 | 28.09 | 47.72 |
| Elementary school or junior high school | 55.04 | 59.58 | 46.14 |
| Senior high school | 6.12 | 7.32 | 3.78 |
| College or above | 4.11 | 5.01 | 2.36 |
| Primary endowment insurance (%) | |||
| Had | 24.68 | 27.55 | 19.05 |
| Did not have | 75.32 | 72.45 | 80.95 |
| Basic medical insurance (%) | |||
| Had | 41.44 | 43.67 | 37.07 |
| Did not have | 58.56 | 56.33 | 62.93 |
| Urbanicity of current residence (%) | |||
| Rural areas | 52.20 | 48.92 | 58.61 |
| Urban areas: towns | 14.87 | 15.47 | 13.69 |
| Urban areas: cities | 32.93 | 35.61 | 27.70 |
| Housing area per capita (m2) | 32.57 (25.98) | 32.76 (25.81) | 32.21 (26.30) |
| Housing construction time (%) | |||
| Before 1978 | 22.62 | 20.63 | 26.52 |
| After 1978 | 77.38 | 79.37 | 73.48 |
| Housing facilities (%) | |||
| None, one or two types of facilities | 45.64 | 42.92 | 50.97 |
| Three types of facilities | 24.84 | 24.04 | 26.41 |
| Four types of facilities | 29.52 | 33.04 | 22.62 |
Results are presented as proportion for categorical variables and as mean (SEs) for continuous variables.
GDP, gross domestic product.