Study | Risk of bias | Concern regarding applicability | Overall | ||||||
Participants | Predictors | Outcome | Analysis | Participants | Predictors | Outcome | Risk of bias | Applicability | |
Model development studies | |||||||||
Margel et al 201421 | high | high | low | high | high | high | low | high | high |
Nguyen et al 200922 | high | high | high | high | high | low | high | high | high |
Feuer et al 201223 | high | unclear | low | high | high | low | low | high | high |
Kutikov et al 201224 | unclear | low | low | high | low | high | low | high | high |
Cowen et al 200625 | high | unclear | unclear | high | unclear | low | low | high | unclear |
Kerkmeijer et al 201626 | low | low | high | unclear | low | low | low | high | low |
Gnanapragasam et al 2016 27 | high | low | low | high | low | low | low | high | low |
Tewari et al 200428 | high | low | low | high | unclear | low | low | high | unclear |
Howlader et al 201429 | unclear | high | low | high | high | low | low | high | high |
External validation studies | |||||||||
Gnanapragasam et al 201831 | high | low | low | high | low | low | low | high | low |
Feuer et al 201430 | unclear | low | unclear | unclear | low | low | low | unclear | low |
Cooperberg et al 200932 | low | high | low | high | low | low | low | high | high |
PROBAST, Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool.