No | Variable | Cut point | Origin |
1 | In general, do you have any health problems that require you to limit your activities? | Yes=1, no=0 | * |
2 | Do you need someone to help you regularly? | Yes=1, no=0 | * |
3 | In general, do you have any health problems that require you to stay at home? | Yes=1, no=0 | * |
4 | If you need help, can you count on someone close to you? | Yes=0, no=1 | * |
5 | Do you regularly use a cane, a walker or a wheelchair to move about? | Yes=1, no=0 | * |
6 | Help bathing | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
7 | Help grooming | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
8 | Help using toilet | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
9 | Help dressing | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
10 | Help getting in/out of chair | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
11 | Help walking around house | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
12 | Help up/down stairs | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
13 | Help eating | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
14 | Help shopping | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
15 | Help with housework | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
16 | Help with meal preparations | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
17 | Help taking medication | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
18 | Help with finances | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
19 | Lost >10 lbs in last year (unintentionally) | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
20 | Self-rating of health | Poor=1, fair=0.75, good=0.5, very good=0.25, excellent=0 | † |
21 | How health has changed in last year | Worse=1, better/same=0 | † |
22 | Do you think that you have more problems with your memory than most other people? | Yes=1, no=0 | ‡ |
23 | Stayed in bed at least half the day due to health (in last month) | Yes=1, no=0 | † |
24 | Walk outside (last week) | <3 days=1, ≥3 days=0 | † |
25 | Feel everything is an effort | Most of time=1, some time=0.5, rarely=0 | † |
26 | Feel depressed | Most of time=1, some time=0.5, rarely=0 | † |
27 | Feel happy | Most of time=0, some time=0.5, rarely=1 | † |
28 | Feel lonely | Most of time=1, some time=0.5, rarely=0 | † |
29 | Antidepressive medication (last month) | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
30 | High blood pressure | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
31 | Heart attack | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
32 | Chronic heart failure | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
33 | Stroke | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
34 | Cancer | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
35 | Diabetes | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
35 | Arthritis | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
37 | Chronic lung disease | Yes=1, suspect=0.5, no=0 | † |
38 | Body mass index§ | See below | † |
39 | Grip strength§ | See below | † |
40 | Usual pace§ | See below | † |
41 | Rapid pace§ | See below | † |
Variable | Deficit for men | Deficit for women |
Body mass index (BMI) | <18.5, ≥30 as a deficit. 25– <30 as a ’half deficit' | <18.5, ≥30 as a deficit. 25– <30 as a half deficit |
Grip strength (GS in kg; dominant hand; mean of three trials) | For BMI≤24, GS≤29 For BMI 24.1–28, GS≤30 For BMI>28, GS≤32 | For BMI≤23, GS≤17 For BMI 23.1–26, GS≤17.3 For BMI 26.1–29, GS≤18 For BMI>29, GS≤21 |
Rapid pace walk (s) | >7.5 | >7.5 |
Usual pace walk (s) | >12.0 | >12 |
*Taken from PRISMA-7 screening.
†Taken from Searle et al.32
‡Taken from Abner et al.33
§Continuous variable cut-points.
PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.