Table 1

Summary of included studies

Study	Year Country	Type of neurodisability	Intervention	Study design	Child outcomes Sleep Other		Parent outcomes	Adverse events
Melatonin
Appleton et al 13	2012 UK	DD alone or with other condition	Melatonin	Parallel RCT	X	X	X	X
Camfield et al 20	1996 Canada	Mixed	Melatonin	N of 1 crossover RCT	X
Cortesi et al 17	2012 Italy	ASD	Melatonin	Parallel RCT	X	X		X
Van der Heijden et al 18	2007 Netherlands	ADHD	Melatonin	Parallel RCT	X	X		X
Dodge and Wilson23	2001 USA	Mixed	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	X			X
Garstang and Wallis21	2006 UK	ASD with or without LD	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	X
Hancock et al 25	2005 UK	Tuberous sclerosis	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	X			X
Jain et al 16	2015 USA	Epilepsy	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	X	X		X
Jan et al 24	2000 Canada	Mixed	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	X			X
Wasdell et al 14	2008 Canada	Mixed	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	X			X
Weiss et al 15	2006 Canada	ADHD	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	x	X		X
Wirojanan et al 19	2009 USA	Mixed	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	X			X
Wright et al 22	2011 UK	Mixed	Melatonin	Crossover RCT	X			X
Non-pharmacological
Adkins et al 28	2012 USA	Mixed	Parent-directed, non-tailored	Parallel RCT	X
Austin et al 36	2013 Australia	Mixed	Parent-directed, tailored	Before-after	X	X
Beresford3	2012 UK	Mixed	Parent-directed, tailored	Parallel RCT	X		X
Beresford3 Intervention 2	2012 UK	Mixed	Parent-directed, tailored	Before-after	X		X
Beresford3 Intervention 3	2012 UK	Mixed	Parent-directed non-tailored	Before-after	X		X
Beresford3 Intervention 4	2012 UK	Mixed	Parent-directed non-tailored	Before-after	X		X
Bramble60	1997 UK	Mixed	Parent-directed non-tailored	Before-after	X	X	X
Francis and Dempster31	2002 Australia	Mixed	Valerian	Crossover RCT	X	X
Gringras et al 34	2014 UK	Mixed	Weighted blanket	Crossover RCT	X	X		X
Guilleminault et al 32	1993 USA	LD	Light therapy+behavioural programme	Before-after	X
Hiscock et al 27	2015 Australia	ADHD plus LD or ASD	Parent-directed, tailored	Parallel RCT	X	X	X
Johnson et al 26	2013 USA	Autism and ASD	Parent-directed, tailored	Parallel RCT	X
Malow et al 39	2014 USA	Mixed	Parent-directed non-tailored	Parallel RCT	X	X
Montgomery et al 61	2004 UK	Mixed	Parent-directed non-tailored	Parallel RCT	X
Moss et al 62	2014 Australia	Mixed	Parent-directed, tailored	Parallel RCT	X	X	X
Oriel et al 35	2016 USA	ASD	Aquatic exercise programme	A-B-A	X
Peppers et al 63	2016 USA	NR	Non-comprehensive, parent-directed	Before-after	X	X	X
Piazza et al 64	1997 USA	Mixed	Behavioural	Parallel RCT	X
Quine and Wade65	1991 UK	LD	Parent-directed, tailored	Before-after	X	X	X
Reed et al 29	2009 Canada	ASD	Parent-directed non-tailored	Before-after	X	X	X
Sciberras et al 41	2011 Australia	ADHD	Parent-directed, tailored	Parallel RCT	X	X	X
Weiskop et al 33	2005 Australia	Mixed	Parent-directed, tailored	Before-after	X
Wiggs and Stores30	1998 UK	Mixed	Non-comprehensive, parent-directed	RCT	X	X	X
Yehuda et al 66	2011 Israel	ADHD	Essential fatty acids	Controlled before-after	X	X		X
Yu et al 42	2015 Hong Kong	ASD and Asperger syndrome	Parent-directed non-tailored	Before-after	X	X	X
Yu and Hong67	2012 China	LD	Acupuncture and earpoint taping	Before-after	X

10Definitions for how studies were classified as parent-directed and tailored/non-tailored are available in the effectiveness review report (www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/hta/1421202/#/).
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; DD, developmental delay; LD, learning disability; NR, not reported; RCT, randomised controlled trial.