Outcome | Melatonin (n=13) | Non-pharmacological (n=26) | All (n=39) | |||
Number of studies (%) | Studies measuring outcome | Number of studies (%) | Studies measuring outcome | Number of studies (%) | ||
Behaviour | Daily Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behaviour Scale | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 17 41 | 2 (5) | |
Aberrant Behaviour Checklist | 1 (8) | 13 | 2 (8) | 30 38 | 3 (8) | |
Behaviour Problem Index | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 60 65 | 2 (5) | ||
Child Behaviour Checklist | 1 (8) | 18 | 2 (8) | 39 42 | 3 (8) | |
Repetitive Behaviour Scale–Revised | 0 (0)0 | 2 (8) | 29 39 | 2 (5) | ||
Child daytime behaviour (based on diary) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 31 | 1 (3) | ||
Developmental Behaviour Checklist-Parent Version | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 36 62 | 2 (5) | ||
Sensory Behaviour Questionnaire (unpublished) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 38 | 1 (3) | ||
Behaviour Assessment System for Children-Parent Rating Scale | 1 (8) | 16 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
Quality of life | Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 | 1 (8) | 13 | 3 (12) | 27 39 41 | 4 (10) |
Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy | 1 (8) | 16 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
Level of good mood in general (Likert scale) | 1 (8) | 15 | 1 (4) | 66 | 2 (5) | |
TNO-AZL Quality of Life Questionnaire | 1 (8) | 18 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
ADHD symptoms | Vanderblit ADHD Symptom Checklist | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 63 | 1 (3) | |
ADHD Rating Scale IV | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 27 41 | 2 (5) | ||
Conner’s Attention Deficit Scale–Parent Version | 1 (8) | 15 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
Cognitive | Ability to concentrate during the day, mainly at school (Likert scale) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 66 | 1 (3) | |
Working memory test battery* | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 27 | 1 (3) | ||
Sustained attention dots task-completion time | 1 (8) | 18 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
Sustained attention dots task-inaccuracy† | 1 (8) | 18 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
Erikson Task–reaction time and error incidence‡ | 1 (8) | 18 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
School-related | Homework completion (Likert scale) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 66 | 1 (3) | |
School attendance | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 27 41 | 2 (5) | ||
Teacher’s Report Form | 1 (8) | 18 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||
Other | Meal times | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 36 | 1 (3) | |
Parent report of other professional help sought | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 27 | 1 (3) | ||
Parental Concerns Questionnaire | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 29 42 | 1 (3) | ||
Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 27 | 1 (3) | ||
Parent and teacher reported core problems§ | 1 (8) | 18 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) |
↵*Backwards digit recall, counting recall, listening recall.
†Percentage of misses plus false alarms relative to the total number of trials.
‡Reaction time and error incidence between congruent and incongruent tasks.
§Core problems were spontaneously and individual defined by parents.
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.