Table 3

Convergent and divergent validity of the five-item version of the ETS for subjects with current pain (n=102): Pearson correlation, significance level (two tailed), patients (n)

Correlation Significance level Patients (n)	ETS	LOT-R Optimism	LOT-R Pessimism	PHQ-9	RS-11	BEE	PSM	NEO-FFI Neuroticism	NEO-FFI Openness to experience
ETS	1
ETS	102
LOT-ROptimism	−0.066	1
	0.517
	99	99
LOT-RPessimism	0.204*	−0.247*	1
	0.043	0.014
	99	99	99
PHQ-9	0.233*	−0.567†	0.312†	1
	0.02	0	0.002
	100	99	99	100
RS-11	−0.073	0.546†	−0.460†	−0.572†	1
	0.474	0	0	0
	99	99	99	99	99
BEE	0.032	0.259†	−0.074	−0.176	0.407†	1
	0.754	0.01	0.468	0.081	0
	99	99	99	99	99	99
PSM	0.344†	−0.078	0.201*	0.306†	−0.049	0.011	1
	0	0.445	0.046	0.002	0.631	0.912
	100	99	99	100	99	99	100
NEO-FFI	0.104	−0.578†	0.467†	0.631†	−0.682†	−0.284†	0.238*	1
Neuroticism	0.316	0	0	0	0	0.005	0.02
Neuroticism	95	95	95	95	95	95	95	95
NEO-FFI	−0.072	0.297†	−0.167	−0.09	0.302†	0.122	0.132	−0.13	1
Openness to experience	0.492	0.004	109	0.386	0.003	0.241	0.205	0.211
Openness to experience	94	94	94	94	94	94	94	94	94
Cronbach’s alpha	0.901	0.727	0.608	0.9	0.9	0.757	0.94	0.854	0.726

*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two tailed).
†Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two tailed).
BEE, Body Efficacy Expectation; ETS, Expectation for Treatment Scale; LOT-R, Life Orientation Test; NEO-FFI, NEO Five-Factor Inventory; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PSM, Perceived Sensitivity to Medicines Scale; RS-11, Die Resilienzskala-Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der psychischen Widerstandsfähigeit als Personenmerkmal.