Table 2

Risk of morbidity from ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Korean Men in the Korean Life Course Health Study, 1992–2015*

	IHD		CVD		ASCVD
Variables and categories	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Age (5-year age group)	1.4 (1.2 to 1.6)	<0.0001	1.4 (1.3 to 1.6)	<0.0001	1.3 (1.2 to 1.4)	<0.0001
Cigarette smoking
Ex-smoker	1.0 (0.9 to 1.2)	0.8567	1.1 (0.9 to 1.3)	0.5008	1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)	0.1406
Current smoker	1.5 (1.3 to 1.6)	<0.0001	1.4 (1.2 to 1.6)	<0.0001	1.4 (1.3 to 1.5)	<0.0001
Blood pressure†
High normal	1.2 (1.1 to 1.4)	<0.0001	1.2 (1.0 to 1.3)	0.0152	1.2 (1.1 to 1.3)	<0.0001
Stage 1 hypertension	1.6 (1.4 to 1.8)	<0.0001	1.7 (1.5 to 2.0)	<0.0001	1.7 (1.5 to 1.8)	<0.0001
Stage 2 hypertension	2.0 (1.6 to 2.5)	<0.0001	3.2 (2.5 to 4.0)	<0.0001	2.9 (2.5 to 3.3)	<0.0001
Total cholesterol‡
Borderline-high cholesterol	1.4 (1.3 to 1.6)	<0.0001	1.4 (1.3 to 1.6)	<0.0001	1.4 (1.3 to 1.5)	<0.0001
High cholesterol	2.5 (2.1 to 2.8)	<0.0001	1.7 (1.4 to 2.1)	<0.0001	2.1 (1.8 to 2.3)	<0.0001
Fasting blood sugar§
Diabetes	1.3 (0.9 to 1.9)	0.1375	1.6 (1.1 to 2.3)	0.0222	1.5 (1.2 to 1.9)	0.0008
Physical activity
No exercise	1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)	0.0122	1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)	0.2156	1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)	0.0075

*HRs and 95% Cls from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.
†The reference category is normal (systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg).
‡The reference category is desirable (serum cholesterol level, <5.17 mmol/L [200 mg/dL]).
§The reference category is a fasting serum glucose level of less than 6.99 mmol/L (126 mg/dL).