Table 1

Descriptive statistics and standardised differences for non-binary baseline variables, before matching and after matching and entropy balancing, for controls and integrated care patients (figures after matching, but before entropy balancing, are available in online supplementary tables 3 and 4)

Variable	Before matching				After matching and balancing				Standard diff.
	Potential controls (n=97 040)		Integrated care patients (n=2459)		Controls (n=2867)		Integrated care patients (n=1720)		Before match	After match and balance
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	(%)	(%)
Age (years)	71.12	10.96	76.79	11.33	76.66	11.17	76.66	11.17	50.00	0.02
Age squared	5178	1538	6025	1670	6001	1646	6001	1646	50.69	0.01
QAdmissions risk score	21.95	13.52	42.22	19.93	34.56	14.08	34.56	14.08	101.68	0.01
IMD score	38.72	10.40	41.97	9.19	41.52	9.22	41.52	9.22	35.42	0.01
0–1 months prior to intervention/index date
A&E attendances	0.06	0.28	0.11	0.39	0.05	0.24	0.05	0.24	12.51	0.04
Outpatient attendances	0.29	0.80	0.49	1.12	0.41	0.82	0.41	0.82	17.43	0.01
Emergency inpatient admissions	0.03	0.18	0.06	0.28	0.01	0.11	0.01	0.11	12.02	0.00
Elective inpatient admissions	0.04	0.28	0.06	0.30	0.04	0.23	0.04	0.23	5.69	0.18
Inpatient bed days	0.32	2.47	0.74	3.64	0.32	2.60	0.33	2.63	11.46	0.05
GP contacts	0.98	1.32	1.43	1.65	1.31	1.51	1.31	1.50	27.31	0.04
1–6 months prior to intervention/index date
A&E attendances	0.30	0.78	0.56	1.15	0.32	0.67	0.32	0.67	21.77	0.01
Outpatient attendances	1.49	2.77	2.35	4.37	1.95	3.14	1.95	3.09	19.65	0.08
Emergency inpatient admissions	0.15	0.50	0.32	0.77	0.14	0.39	0.14	0.39	22.90	0.00
Elective inpatient admissions	0.21	0.93	0.31	1.25	0.22	0.60	0.22	0.59	8.19	0.04
Inpatient bed days	1.42	8.51	3.41	12.27	1.60	7.69	1.64	8.61	16.26	0.44
GP contacts	5.02	4.36	7.03	5.48	6.31	4.97	6.29	4.75	36.66	0.37
6–12 months prior to intervention/index date
A&E attendances	0.33	0.80	0.64	1.15	0.37	0.72	0.37	0.72	27.05	0.02
Outpatient attendances	1.69	3.06	2.61	3.94	2.25	3.80	2.24	3.58	23.34	0.32
Emergency inpatient admissions	0.22	0.94	0.31	1.37	0.21	0.71	0.21	0.72	7.10	0.01
Elective inpatient admissions	0.15	0.51	0.37	0.81	0.16	0.41	0.16	0.41	27.35	0.00
Inpatient bed days	1.28	7.90	3.48	12.78	1.72	10.55	1.66	9.16	17.18	0.57
GP contacts	5.69	4.83	7.89	6.25	7.18	5.51	7.18	5.47	35.23	0.06
12–24 months prior to intervention/ index date
A&E attendances	0.56	1.21	0.99	2.05	0.57	1.02	0.57	1.03	20.87	0.01
Outpatient attendances	3.14	5.04	4.64	6.37	4.00	5.84	3.98	5.51	23.46	0.40
Emergency inpatient admissions	0.23	0.75	0.55	1.15	0.21	0.52	0.21	0.52	27.60	0.01
Elective inpatient admissions	0.41	1.90	0.55	1.78	0.40	0.95	0.40	1.07	8.01	0.27
Inpatient bed days	2.08	12.81	5.67	19.38	2.32	9.20	2.55	14.36	18.54	1.62
GP contacts	10.03	8.00	13.46	10.06	12.44	9.43	12.40	9.08	34.09	0.48
24–36 months prior to intervention/index date
A&E attendances	0.52	1.21	0.90	3.25	0.49	0.93	0.49	0.94	11.79	0.03
Outpatient attendances	3.14	5.21	4.57	6.51	4.11	5.90	4.13	6.15	21.99	0.26
Emergency inpatient admissions	0.21	0.66	0.46	1.06	0.18	0.45	0.18	0.45	24.22	0.01
Elective inpatient admissions	0.40	1.98	0.50	1.72	0.36	0.95	0.37	1.17	5.61	0.33
Inpatient bed days	1.87	11.65	4.04	14.78	1.53	8.12	1.58	10.66	14.75	0.41
GP contacts	7.78	7.21	10.49	9.78	9.83	9.67	9.77	9.15	27.73	0.67
Weight (kg)	73.60	17.86	72.66	18.17	72.87	18.02	72.87	18.02	5.18	0.01
Alcohol screen	0.94	2.52	0.67	2.00	0.71	1.98	0.71	1.98	13.06	0.01
Platelet count	265.62	78.62	259.42	85.38	260.01	83.91	260.02	83.91	7.26	0.01

A&E, Accident & emergency; GP, general practitioner; IMD, index of multiple deprivation.