Descriptive statistics and standardised differences for non-binary baseline variables, before matching and after matching and entropy balancing, for controls and integrated care patients (figures after matching, but before entropy balancing, are available in online supplementary tables 3 and 4)
Variable | Before matching | After matching and balancing | Standard diff. | |||||||
Potential controls (n=97 040) | Integrated care patients (n=2459) | Controls (n=2867) | Integrated care patients (n=1720) | Before match | After match and balance | |||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | (%) | (%) | |
Age (years) | 71.12 | 10.96 | 76.79 | 11.33 | 76.66 | 11.17 | 76.66 | 11.17 | 50.00 | 0.02 |
Age squared | 5178 | 1538 | 6025 | 1670 | 6001 | 1646 | 6001 | 1646 | 50.69 | 0.01 |
QAdmissions risk score | 21.95 | 13.52 | 42.22 | 19.93 | 34.56 | 14.08 | 34.56 | 14.08 | 101.68 | 0.01 |
IMD score | 38.72 | 10.40 | 41.97 | 9.19 | 41.52 | 9.22 | 41.52 | 9.22 | 35.42 | 0.01 |
0–1 months prior to intervention/index date | ||||||||||
A&E attendances | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 12.51 | 0.04 |
Outpatient attendances | 0.29 | 0.80 | 0.49 | 1.12 | 0.41 | 0.82 | 0.41 | 0.82 | 17.43 | 0.01 |
Emergency inpatient admissions | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 12.02 | 0.00 |
Elective inpatient admissions | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 5.69 | 0.18 |
Inpatient bed days | 0.32 | 2.47 | 0.74 | 3.64 | 0.32 | 2.60 | 0.33 | 2.63 | 11.46 | 0.05 |
GP contacts | 0.98 | 1.32 | 1.43 | 1.65 | 1.31 | 1.51 | 1.31 | 1.50 | 27.31 | 0.04 |
1–6 months prior to intervention/index date | ||||||||||
A&E attendances | 0.30 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 1.15 | 0.32 | 0.67 | 0.32 | 0.67 | 21.77 | 0.01 |
Outpatient attendances | 1.49 | 2.77 | 2.35 | 4.37 | 1.95 | 3.14 | 1.95 | 3.09 | 19.65 | 0.08 |
Emergency inpatient admissions | 0.15 | 0.50 | 0.32 | 0.77 | 0.14 | 0.39 | 0.14 | 0.39 | 22.90 | 0.00 |
Elective inpatient admissions | 0.21 | 0.93 | 0.31 | 1.25 | 0.22 | 0.60 | 0.22 | 0.59 | 8.19 | 0.04 |
Inpatient bed days | 1.42 | 8.51 | 3.41 | 12.27 | 1.60 | 7.69 | 1.64 | 8.61 | 16.26 | 0.44 |
GP contacts | 5.02 | 4.36 | 7.03 | 5.48 | 6.31 | 4.97 | 6.29 | 4.75 | 36.66 | 0.37 |
6–12 months prior to intervention/index date | ||||||||||
A&E attendances | 0.33 | 0.80 | 0.64 | 1.15 | 0.37 | 0.72 | 0.37 | 0.72 | 27.05 | 0.02 |
Outpatient attendances | 1.69 | 3.06 | 2.61 | 3.94 | 2.25 | 3.80 | 2.24 | 3.58 | 23.34 | 0.32 |
Emergency inpatient admissions | 0.22 | 0.94 | 0.31 | 1.37 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 0.21 | 0.72 | 7.10 | 0.01 |
Elective inpatient admissions | 0.15 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.81 | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.41 | 27.35 | 0.00 |
Inpatient bed days | 1.28 | 7.90 | 3.48 | 12.78 | 1.72 | 10.55 | 1.66 | 9.16 | 17.18 | 0.57 |
GP contacts | 5.69 | 4.83 | 7.89 | 6.25 | 7.18 | 5.51 | 7.18 | 5.47 | 35.23 | 0.06 |
12–24 months prior to intervention/ index date | ||||||||||
A&E attendances | 0.56 | 1.21 | 0.99 | 2.05 | 0.57 | 1.02 | 0.57 | 1.03 | 20.87 | 0.01 |
Outpatient attendances | 3.14 | 5.04 | 4.64 | 6.37 | 4.00 | 5.84 | 3.98 | 5.51 | 23.46 | 0.40 |
Emergency inpatient admissions | 0.23 | 0.75 | 0.55 | 1.15 | 0.21 | 0.52 | 0.21 | 0.52 | 27.60 | 0.01 |
Elective inpatient admissions | 0.41 | 1.90 | 0.55 | 1.78 | 0.40 | 0.95 | 0.40 | 1.07 | 8.01 | 0.27 |
Inpatient bed days | 2.08 | 12.81 | 5.67 | 19.38 | 2.32 | 9.20 | 2.55 | 14.36 | 18.54 | 1.62 |
GP contacts | 10.03 | 8.00 | 13.46 | 10.06 | 12.44 | 9.43 | 12.40 | 9.08 | 34.09 | 0.48 |
24–36 months prior to intervention/index date | ||||||||||
A&E attendances | 0.52 | 1.21 | 0.90 | 3.25 | 0.49 | 0.93 | 0.49 | 0.94 | 11.79 | 0.03 |
Outpatient attendances | 3.14 | 5.21 | 4.57 | 6.51 | 4.11 | 5.90 | 4.13 | 6.15 | 21.99 | 0.26 |
Emergency inpatient admissions | 0.21 | 0.66 | 0.46 | 1.06 | 0.18 | 0.45 | 0.18 | 0.45 | 24.22 | 0.01 |
Elective inpatient admissions | 0.40 | 1.98 | 0.50 | 1.72 | 0.36 | 0.95 | 0.37 | 1.17 | 5.61 | 0.33 |
Inpatient bed days | 1.87 | 11.65 | 4.04 | 14.78 | 1.53 | 8.12 | 1.58 | 10.66 | 14.75 | 0.41 |
GP contacts | 7.78 | 7.21 | 10.49 | 9.78 | 9.83 | 9.67 | 9.77 | 9.15 | 27.73 | 0.67 |
Weight (kg) | 73.60 | 17.86 | 72.66 | 18.17 | 72.87 | 18.02 | 72.87 | 18.02 | 5.18 | 0.01 |
Alcohol screen | 0.94 | 2.52 | 0.67 | 2.00 | 0.71 | 1.98 | 0.71 | 1.98 | 13.06 | 0.01 |
Platelet count | 265.62 | 78.62 | 259.42 | 85.38 | 260.01 | 83.91 | 260.02 | 83.91 | 7.26 | 0.01 |
A&E, Accident & emergency; GP, general practitioner; IMD, index of multiple deprivation.