Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors influencing low birth weight in Afghanistan
| Variables | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI)† |
| Maternal age (years) | ||
| ≤20 | Ref. | |
| 21–34 | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.3) | |
| 35–49 | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.0) | |
| Sex of child | ||
| Male | 0.6* (0.4 to 0.9) | 0.5** (0.4 to 0.8) |
| Female | Ref. | Ref. |
| Maternal education | ||
| No education | Ref. | Ref. |
| Primary | 0.7‡ (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.5*** (0.3 to 0.8) |
| Secondary or above | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.4) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.0) |
| Maternal occupation | ||
| Not working | Ref. | |
| Working | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.0) | |
| Preceding birth interval (months) | ||
| First birth | Ref. | Ref. |
| <24 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.8) |
| 24–47 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) |
| ≥48 | 0.5* (0.2 to 0.9) | 0.3* (0.1 to 0.8) |
| Parity | ||
| Primipara | Ref. | |
| Multipara | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | |
| Grand multipara | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.6) | |
| Took iron pills | ||
| Yes | Ref. | Ref. |
| No | 0.7‡ (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.3) |
| Number of ANC visits | ||
| No visits (0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Inadequate (1–3) | 1.7 (0.5 to 5.3) | 2.3 (0.5 to 9.6) |
| Adequate (4 or more) | 1.6‡ (0.8 to 3.2) | 2.1 (0.8 to 5.1) |
| Wealth status | ||
| Poorest | Ref. | Ref. |
| Poorer | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.1) |
| Middle | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.4* (0.2 to 0.9) |
| Richer | 0.5‡ (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.3*** (0.1 to 0.6) |
| Richest | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.9) | 0.2*** (0.1 to 0.6) |
| Place of residence | ||
| Urban | Ref. | Ref. |
| Rural | 0.6‡ (0.3 to 1.0) | 0.3*** (0.2 to 0.6) |
| Region of residence | ||
| North Eastern | Ref. | Ref. |
| North Western | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) |
| Central East | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.9) |
| Central | 2.5** (1.3 to 5.1) | 3.4*** (1.7 to 6.7) |
| Central Western | 2.3** (1.2 to 4.4) | 3.0*** (1.5 to 5.8) |
| Southern Eastern | 1.4‡ (0.9 to 2.3) | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.5) |
| Southern Western | 1.8‡ (1.0 to 3.2) | 4.0*** (1.7 to 9.1) |
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
†Variables with p<0.2 from unadjusted model were included into multivariable analysis.
‡P<0.2.
ANC, antenatal care; AOR, adjusted OR; COR, crude OR.