Characteristics of the study population (n=301)
| Variables | Mean±SD / N (%) | HK-NCI score | P value |
| Mean±SD | |||
| Age group, years (range: 60–95) | |||
| 60–69 | 140 (46.5) | 3.8±0.5 | 0.889 |
| 70–79 | 94 (31.2) | 3.8±0.5 | |
| ≥80 | 67 (22.3) | 3.8±0.6 | |
| Gender | |||
| Men | 121 (40.2) | 3.7±0.6 | 0.067 |
| Women | 180 (59.8) | 3.8±0.5 | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 204 (68.0) | 3.8±0.5 | 0.261 |
| Never/widowed/ divorced/separated | 96 (32.0) | 3.9±0.5 | |
| Education | |||
| Uneducated/pre-school/primary education | 166 (55.2) | 3.8±0.6 | 0.256 |
| Secondary/tertiary education | 135 (44.9) | 3.8±0.5 | |
| Employment | |||
| Unemployed | 277 (92.3) | 3.8±0.5 | 0.719 |
| Employed (part-time/full-time) | 23 (7.7) | 3.8±0.6 | |
| Income, Hong Kong dollars | |||
| <4000 | 91 (30.7) | 3.8±0.5 | 0.341 |
| 4000–7999 | 98 (33.1) | 3.7±0.5 | |
| ≥8000 | 107 (36.2) | 3.8±0.5 | |
| Housing type | |||
| Private high-rise housing | 76 (25.3) | 3.7±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Tenement housing | 30 (10.0) | 3.6±0.6 | |
| Subsidised housing | 43 (14.3) | 3.7±0.5 | |
| Public housing | 120 (39.9) | 3.9±0.5 | |
| Village housing | 32 (10.6) | 4.1±0.6 | |
| Living arrangement | |||
| Living with others | 244 (81.1) | 3.8±0.5 | 0.839 |
| Living alone | 57 (18.9) | 3.8±0.6 | |
| Length of residence, years (range: 0.5–78) | |||
| <10 | 47 (15.6) | 3.7±0.6 | 0.059 |
| 10–19 | 37 (12.3) | 3.7±0.6 | |
| 20–29 | 100 (33.2) | 3.9±0.4 | |
| 30–39 | 85 (28.2) | 3.9±0.5 | |
| ≥40 | 32 (10.6) | 3.7±0.6 | |
| Current smoker | |||
| No | 284 (94.7) | 3.8±0.5 | 0.299 |
| Yes | 16 (5.3) | 3.7±0.6 | |
| Current drinker | |||
| No | 263 (87.7) | 3.8±0.5 | 0.706 |
| Yes | 37 (12.3) | 3.8±0.5 | |
| Physical activity | |||
| <1 hour/day | 155 (51.5) | 3.7±0.5 | <0.001 |
| ≥1 hour/day | 146 (48.5) | 3.9±0.5 | |
| Medical history | |||
| <5 diseases | 258 (85.7) | 3.8±0.5 | 0.230 |
| ≥5 diseases | 43 (14.3) | 3.7±0.5 | |
| Subjective well-being | |||
| Life satisfaction | 7.4±1.9 | - | - |
| Feelings of happiness | 7.8±2.1 | - | - |
| Sense of purpose and meaning in life | 7.9±1.7 | - | - |
HK-NCI, Hong Kong version of Neighbourhood Cohesion Instrument.