Survival analyses
| Cox model | Firth bias adjustment | Penalisation by data augmentation | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 3.39 (1.22 to 9.42) | 3.77 (1.23 to 8.91) | 3.30 (1.46 to 7.49) |
| AIDS* in women | 3.67 (1.26 to 10.70) | 3.34 (1.19 to 9.38) | 2.45 (1.07 to 5.58) |
| AIDS* in men | 0.72 (0.37 to 1.40) | 0.71 (0.36 to 1.39) | 0.93 (0.51 to 1.72) |
Adjusted on age, obesity, coinfection, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes.
*AIDS, having past or present AIDS-defining illness.