Independent variable | Bivariate comparisons | Multivariate comparisons | |||||||
No harm | Harm | ||||||||
N | % | 95% CI | N | % | 95% CI | AOR | P value | 95% CI | |
Sex | |||||||||
Female | 2008 | 80.1 | 78.3 to 81.8 | 498 | 19.9 | 18.2 to 21.7 | Not entered into the model | ||
Male | 1887 | 79.7 | 77.7 to 81.4 | 482 | 20.3 | 18.6 to 22.3 | |||
Age band* | |||||||||
16–24 | 446 | 63.4 | 59.6 to 67.0 | 258 | 36.6 | 33.0 to 40.4 | Reference | ||
25–44 | 1278 | 78.4 | 76.0 to 80.7 | 352 | 21.6 | 19.3 to 24.0 | 0.63 | <0.001 | 0.49 to 0.83 |
45–64 | 1237 | 81.5 | 79.1 to 83.7 | 281 | 18.5 | 16.3 to 20.9 | 0.50 | <0.001 | 0.34 to 0.75 |
65+ | 933 | 91.2 | 89.3 to 92.9 | 90 | 8.8 | 7.1 to 10.7 | 0.36 | <0.001 | 0.21 to 0.61 |
Broad ethnic group* | |||||||||
White British | 2975 | 78.2 | 76.7 to 79.7 | 830 | 21.8 | 20.3 to 23.4 | Reference | ||
Other white groups | 334 | 84.9 | 80.4 to 88.5 | 59 | 15.1 | 11.5 to 19.6 | 0.52 | <0.001 | 0.36 to 0.76 |
Black groups | 151 | 83.9 | 78.6 to 88.1 | 29 | 16.1 | 11.9 to 21.4 | 0.61 | 0.017 | 0.41 to 0.92 |
Asian groups | 376 | 89.1 | 85.8 to 91.8 | 46 | 10.9 | 8.2 to 14.2 | 0.39 | <0.001 | 0.28 to 0.56 |
Other groups | 44 | 82.2 | 68.7 to 90.7 | 9 | 17.8 | 9.3 to 31.3 | 0.60 | 0.154 | 0.30 to 1.21 |
Life stage* | |||||||||
Single | 436 | 63.5 | 59.5 to 67.2 | 251 | 36.5 | 32.8 to 40.5 | Reference | ||
Prefamily | 222 | 72.2 | 65.6 to 77.9 | 86 | 27.8 | 22.1 to 34.4 | 0.91 | 0.620 | 0.61 to 1.34 |
Family | 1285 | 81.1 | 78.8 to 83.2 | 299 | 18.9 | 16.8 to 21.2 | 0.68 | 0.006 | 0.52 to 0.89 |
Postfamily | 1950 | 85.0 | 83.3 to 86.6 | 344 | 15.0 | 13.4 to 16.7 | 0.85 | 0.433 | 0.56 to 1.28 |
Education* | |||||||||
No qualifications | 683 | 90.1 | 87.5 to 92.2 | 75 | 9.9 | 7.8 to 12.5 | Reference | ||
GCSE/O-level/CSE | 764 | 79.3 | 76.2 to 82.1 | 199 | 20.7 | 17.9 to 23.8 | 1.74 | <0.001 | 1.25 to 2.44 |
A-level/vocational | 974 | 73.3 | 70.7 to 75.9 | 354 | 26.7 | 24.1 to 29.3 | 2.04 | <0.001 | 1.48 to 2.82 |
Degree/higher degree | 1156 | 79.3 | 76.8 to 81.7 | 301 | 20.7 | 18.3 to 23.2 | 2.16 | <0.001 | 1.56 to 3.00 |
Other/still studying | 294 | 85.6 | 81.2 to 89.1 | 50 | 14.4 | 10.9 to 18.9 | 1.42 | 0.109 | 0.92 to 2.18 |
Social grade† | |||||||||
AB | 1066 | 80.8 | 78.0 to 83.3 | 254 | 19.2 | 16.7 to 22.0 | Not entered into the model | ||
C1 | 1023 | 77.4 | 75.0 to 79.6 | 299 | 22.6 | 20.4 to 25.0 | |||
C2 | 878 | 81.7 | 78.8 to 84.4 | 196 | 18.3 | 15.6 to 21.2 | |||
D | 614 | 82.5 | 79.1 to 85.4 | 131 | 17.5 | 14.6 to 20.9 | |||
E | 313 | 75.8 | 71.8 to 79.4 | 100 | 24.2 | 20.6 to 28.2 | |||
Tenure* | |||||||||
Owned outright | 1451 | 86.0 | 84.0 to 87.8 | 237 | 14.0 | 12.3 to 16.0 | Reference | ||
Bought on a mortgage | 1142 | 79.2 | 76.4 to 81.6 | 301 | 20.9 | 18.4 to 23.6 | 0.97 | 0.825 | 0.74 to 1.28 |
Rented from local authority | 341 | 78.8 | 74.6 to 82.5 | 92 | 21.2 | 17.6 to 25.4 | 1.38 | 0.060 | 0.99 to 1.94 |
Rented from private landlord | 678 | 70.1 | 66.9 to 73.1 | 289 | 29.9 | 26.9 to 33.1 | 1.52 | 0.004 | 1.15 to 2.01 |
Other | 248 | 81.1 | 76.7 to 84.8 | 58 | 19.0 | 15.2 to 23.4 | 1.11 | 0.562 | 0.77 to 1.61 |
Disability* | |||||||||
Considers self disabled | 396 | 76.0 | 71.9 to 79.7 | 125 | 24.0 | 20.3 to 28.1 | Reference | ||
Not disabled | 3422 | 80.3 | 78.9 to 81.6 | 842 | 19.7 | 18.4 to 21.1 | 0.56 | <0.001 | 0.42 to 0.74 |
Employment status* | |||||||||
Employed | 2081 | 78.0 | 76.0 to 79.8 | 588 | 22.0 | 20.2 to 24.0 | Reference | ||
Unemployed | 157 | 73.2 | 66.4 to 79.0 | 58 | 26.8 | 21.0 to 33.6 | 1.09 | 0.648 | 0.75 to 1.58 |
Economically inactive | 634 | 73.2 | 70.1 to 76.1 | 232 | 26.8 | 24.0 to 29.9 | 1.01 | 0.896 | 0.81 to 1.27 |
Retired | 1021 | 90.9 | 89.1 to 92.5 | 102 | 9.1 | 7.5 to 10.9 | 0.54 | <0.001 | 0.38 to 0.78 |
AUDIT* | |||||||||
Not hazardous/harmful drinking | 3463 | 82.7 | 81.4 to 84.0 | 723 | 17.3 | 16.0 to 18.6 | Reference | ||
Hazardous/harmful drinking | 419 | 62.1 | 57.9 to 66.1 | 256 | 37.9 | 33.9 to 42.1 | 2.06 | <0.001 | 1.66 to 2.56 |
Weighted n=4874 (bivariate analyses) and 4698 (multivariate analysis). Bivariate totals that are 4875 not 4874 are due to rounding as the analyses use weighted data.
↵*Test of bivariate independence indicates significant difference (p<0.05).
↵†AB is higher managerial, administrative and professional and intermediate managerial, administrative and professional; C1 is supervisory, clerical and junior managerial, administrative and professional; C2 is skilled manual workers; D is semiskilled and unskilled manual workers; and E is state pensioners, casual and lowest grade workers, unemployed with state benefits only.
AOR, adjusted OR; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.