HRs for dementia during the 6-year follow-up (2008–2013) according to body weight, socioeconomic status, health behaviours and cardiovascular risk factors at baseline among men
| Cases | Univariable model | Multivariable model* | |
| n | HRs (95% CI) | HRs (95% CI) | |
| Body weight | |||
| BMI change over 2 years † | |||
| Decrease of >10% | 177 | 1.45 (1.25 to 1.68) | 1.26 (1.08 to 1.46) |
| Decrease of 5<−10% | 662 | 1.28 (1.17 to 1.39) | 1.19 (1.09 to 1.29) |
| Stable at ±5% | 3375 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Increase of 5<−10% | 480 | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.22) | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.12) |
| Increase of >10% | 193 | 1.47 (1.27 to 1.69) | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.45) |
| BMI | |||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 239 | 1.54 (1.34 to 1.77) | 1.23 (1.07 to 1.42) |
| 18.5–23 kg/m2 | 2049 | 1.16 (1.08 to 1.24) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.14) |
| 23–25 kg/m2 | 1293 | Ref. | Ref. |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 1257 | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.06) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 49 | 0.75 (0.56 to 1.00) | 0.76 (0.57 to 1.01) |
| Socioeconomic status | |||
| Age | 4887 | 1.12 (1.11 to 0.00) | 1.11 (1.11 to 1.12) |
| Income | |||
| Low | 944 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Medium | 2012 | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.09) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.07) |
| High | 1931 | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.12) | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99) |
| Health behaviours | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoked | 2678 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Past smoker | 736 | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.16) | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.16) |
| Current smoker | 1473 | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.09) | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.18) |
| Drinking status | |||
| None | 2333 | Ref. | Ref. |
| <2 times per week | 1375 | 0.85 (0.79 to 0.90) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.04) |
| ≥3 times per week | 1179 | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.14) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.19) |
| Physical activity | |||
| None | 2961 | Ref. | Ref. |
| <2 times per week | 796 | 0.73 (0.67 to 0.79) | 0.85 (0.78 to 0.92) |
| ≥3 times per week | 1130 | 0.85 (0.79 to 0.91) | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Total cholesterol | |||
| Optimal | 2849 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Intermediate | 1515 | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.09) |
| High | 523 | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) |
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 2817 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 2070 | 1.29 (1.22 to 1.36) | 1.16 (1.09 to 1.24) |
| Atrial fibrillation | |||
| No | 4789 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 98 | 1.36 (1.11 to 1.66) | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.29) |
| Congestive heart failure | |||
| No | 4627 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 260 | 1.46 (1.29 to 1.65) | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.33) |
| DM diagnosis and FBS ‡ | |||
| No DM diagnosis and normal/pre-diabetic FBS | 3849 | Ref. | Ref. |
| No DM diagnosis and diabetic FBS | 360 | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) |
| DM diagnosis and normal/pre-diabetic FBS | 407 | 1.31 (1.19 to 1.45) | 1.25 (1.13 to 1.39) |
| DM diagnosis and diabetic FBS | 271 | 1.56 (1.38 to 1.76) | 1.59 (1.41 to 1.81) |
*All variables were analysed in one model.
†The BMI change over 2 years was calculated as follows: (BMI at baseline−BMI in 2004 or 2005)/BMI at baseline.
‡The combination of the physician’s diagnosis of DM using an International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition code (E10-E14) and the laboratory data of FBS of ≥126 mg/dL at baseline.
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; FBS, fasting blood sugar.