HRs for dementia during 6-year follow-up (2008–2013) according to body weight, socioeconomic status, health behaviours and cardiovascular risk factors at baseline among women
| Cases | Univariable model | Multivariable model* | |
| n | HRs (95% CI) | HRs (95% CI) | |
| Body weight | |||
| BMI change over 2 years † | |||
| Decrease of >10% | 325 | 1.33 (1.18 to 1.48) | 1.15 (1.03 to 1.29) |
| Decrease of 5<−10% | 943 | 1.16 (1.08 to 1.24) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.19) |
| Stable at ±5% | 4347 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Increase of 5<−10% | 737 | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.15) |
| Increase of >10% | 333 | 1.38 (1.23 to 1.54) | 1.17 (1.05 to 1.31) |
| BMI | |||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 203 | 1.26 (1.09 to 1.45) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.24) |
| 18.5–23 kg/m2 | 2215 | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.17) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.12) |
| 23–25 kg/m2 | 1672 | Ref. | Ref. |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 2338 | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 257 | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.13) | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.05) |
| Socioeconomic status | |||
| Age | 6685 | 1.10 (1.09 to 0.00) | 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10) |
| Income | |||
| Low | 1461 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Medium | 2658 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.06) |
| High | 2566 | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) |
| Health behaviours | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoked | 6357 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Past smoker | 66 | 1.21 (0.95 to 1.54) | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.36) |
| Current smoker | 262 | 1.38 (1.22 to 1.56) | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.34) |
| Drinking status | |||
| None | 6049 | Ref. | Ref. |
| <2 times per week | 542 | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.10) |
| ≥3 times per week | 94 | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.27) | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.16) |
| Physical activity | |||
| None | 5064 | Ref. | Ref. |
| <2 times per week | 672 | 0.77 (0.71 to 0.83) | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.91) |
| ≥3 times per week | 949 | 0.85 (0.79 to 0.91) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Total cholesterol | |||
| Optimal | 2722 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Intermediate | 2554 | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.08) |
| High | 1409 | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.08) | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12) |
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 3378 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 3307 | 1.37 (1.30 to 1.43) | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.28) |
| Atrial fibrillation | |||
| No | 6598 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 87 | 1.28 (1.04 to 1.59) | 0.96 (0.78 to 1.19) |
| Congestive heart failure | |||
| No | 6118 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 567 | 1.44 (1.33 to 1.57) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.27) |
| DM diagnosis and FBS ‡ | |||
| No DM diagnosis and normal/pre-diabetic FBS | 5229 | Ref. | Ref. |
| No DM diagnosis and diabetic FBS | 399 | 1.22 (1.11 to 1.36) | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.25) |
| DM diagnosis and normal/pre-diabetic FBS | 681 | 1.37 (1.27 to 1.49) | 1.29 (1.19 to 1.40) |
| DM diagnosis and diabetic FBS | 376 | 1.55 (1.40 to 1.73) | 1.47 (1.32 to 1.63) |
*All variables were analysed in one model.
†The BMI change over 2 years was calculated as follows: (BMI at baseline−BMI in 2004 or 2005)/BMI at baseline.
‡The combination of the physician’s diagnosis of DM using an International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition code (E10-E14) and the laboratory data of FBS of ≥126 mg/dL at baseline.
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; FBS, fasting blood sugar.