HRs for dementia during 6-year follow-up (2008–2013) according to body weight, socioeconomic status, health behaviours and cardiovascular risk factors at baseline among women
Cases | Univariable model | Multivariable model* | |
n | HRs (95% CI) | HRs (95% CI) | |
Body weight | |||
BMI change over 2 years † | |||
Decrease of >10% | 325 | 1.33 (1.18 to 1.48) | 1.15 (1.03 to 1.29) |
Decrease of 5<−10% | 943 | 1.16 (1.08 to 1.24) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.19) |
Stable at ±5% | 4347 | Ref. | Ref. |
Increase of 5<−10% | 737 | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.15) |
Increase of >10% | 333 | 1.38 (1.23 to 1.54) | 1.17 (1.05 to 1.31) |
BMI | |||
<18.5 kg/m2 | 203 | 1.26 (1.09 to 1.45) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.24) |
18.5–23 kg/m2 | 2215 | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.17) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.12) |
23–25 kg/m2 | 1672 | Ref. | Ref. |
25–30 kg/m2 | 2338 | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) |
≥30 kg/m2 | 257 | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.13) | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.05) |
Socioeconomic status | |||
Age | 6685 | 1.10 (1.09 to 0.00) | 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10) |
Income | |||
Low | 1461 | Ref. | Ref. |
Medium | 2658 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.06) |
High | 2566 | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) |
Health behaviours | |||
Smoking status | |||
Never smoked | 6357 | Ref. | Ref. |
Past smoker | 66 | 1.21 (0.95 to 1.54) | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.36) |
Current smoker | 262 | 1.38 (1.22 to 1.56) | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.34) |
Drinking status | |||
None | 6049 | Ref. | Ref. |
<2 times per week | 542 | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.10) |
≥3 times per week | 94 | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.27) | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.16) |
Physical activity | |||
None | 5064 | Ref. | Ref. |
<2 times per week | 672 | 0.77 (0.71 to 0.83) | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.91) |
≥3 times per week | 949 | 0.85 (0.79 to 0.91) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) |
Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
Total cholesterol | |||
Optimal | 2722 | Ref. | Ref. |
Intermediate | 2554 | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.08) |
High | 1409 | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.08) | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12) |
Hypertension | |||
No | 3378 | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 3307 | 1.37 (1.30 to 1.43) | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.28) |
Atrial fibrillation | |||
No | 6598 | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 87 | 1.28 (1.04 to 1.59) | 0.96 (0.78 to 1.19) |
Congestive heart failure | |||
No | 6118 | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 567 | 1.44 (1.33 to 1.57) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.27) |
DM diagnosis and FBS ‡ | |||
No DM diagnosis and normal/pre-diabetic FBS | 5229 | Ref. | Ref. |
No DM diagnosis and diabetic FBS | 399 | 1.22 (1.11 to 1.36) | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.25) |
DM diagnosis and normal/pre-diabetic FBS | 681 | 1.37 (1.27 to 1.49) | 1.29 (1.19 to 1.40) |
DM diagnosis and diabetic FBS | 376 | 1.55 (1.40 to 1.73) | 1.47 (1.32 to 1.63) |
*All variables were analysed in one model.
†The BMI change over 2 years was calculated as follows: (BMI at baseline−BMI in 2004 or 2005)/BMI at baseline.
‡The combination of the physician’s diagnosis of DM using an International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition code (E10-E14) and the laboratory data of FBS of ≥126 mg/dL at baseline.
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; FBS, fasting blood sugar.