HRs (95% CIs) for total and cause-specific mortality according to HBsAg status and presence of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis at baseline among 475 801 participants
| Cause of death | HBsAg negative | HBsAg positive | ||
| Without hepatitis or cirrhosis | With hepatitis or cirrhosis | Without hepatitis or cirrhosis | With hepatitis or cirrhosis | |
| Ischaemic heart diseases | ||||
| No of deaths | 4591 | 33 | 111 | 8 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 1.01 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.50 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.59 to 1.19) | 1.31 (1.08 to 1.60) | 1.24 (0.62 to 2.50) |
| Cerebral infarction | ||||
| No of deaths | 1376 | 7 | 28 | 3 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.19 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 0.58 (0.27 to 1.22) | 1.07 (0.73 to 1.58) | 1.54 (0.48 to 4.88) |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | ||||
| No of deaths | 4047 | 30 | 103 | 10 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.63 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.74 to 1.52) | 1.35 (1.10 to 1.65) | 1.91 (1.01 to 3.63)* |
| Liver cancer | ||||
| No of deaths | 1261 | 78 | 383 | 96 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 0.28 | 2.09 | 2.94 | 6.02 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 6.57 (5.16 to 8.36) | 13.00 (11.50 to 14.71) | 31.33 (24.84 to 39.51) |
| Other cancers | ||||
| No of deaths | 9777 | 90 | 238 | 23 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 2.15 | 2.41 | 1.83 | 1.44 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.73 to 1.11) | 1.06 (0.93 to 1.21) | 1.05 (0.69 to 1.59) |
| Respiratory diseases | ||||
| No of deaths | 3344 | 39 | 72 | 7 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 0.74 | 1.04 | 0.55 | 0.44 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.80 to 1.53) | 1.24 (0.98 to 1.58) | 1.40 (0.66 to 2.98) |
| Digestive diseases | ||||
| No of deaths | 643 | 45 | 76 | 30 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 0.14 | 1.20 | 0.58 | 1.88 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 6.80 (4.96 to 9.34) | 5.63 (4.37 to 7.25) | 24.81 (16.74 to 36.76) |
| Infections | ||||
| No of deaths | 373 | 37 | 81 | 26 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 0.08 | 0.99 | 0.62 | 1.63 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 11.67 (8.17 to 16.67) | 9.48 (7.35 to 12.22) | 31.72 (20.33 to 49.49) |
| All other causes | ||||
| No of deaths | 8417 | 71 | 238 | 30 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 1.85 | 1.90 | 1.83 | 1.88 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.14) | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.41) | 1.77 (1.23 to 2.55) |
| All causes | ||||
| No of deaths | 33 829 | 430 | 1330 | 233 |
| Deaths/PYs (1000) | 7.44 | 11.50 | 10.20 | 14.62 |
| HRs (95% CIs) | 1.00 | 1.37 (1.24 to 1.51) | 1.87 (1.77 to 1.98) | 3.73 (3.26 to 4.27) |
Multivariable model was adjusted for sex (men or women); level of education (no formal school, primary school, middle school, high school, college, or university or higher); marital status (married, widowed, divorced or separated, or never married); alcohol consumption (less than weekly drinker, weekly drinker, daily drinker with an intake of <15, 15–29, 30–59 or ≥60 g/day); smoking status (non-smoker, former smoker having quit smoking ≥5 or <5 years previously or current smoker smoked <15, 15–24 or ≥25 cigarettes or equivalents per day); physical activity (MET-hours/day); intake frequencies of red meat, fresh fruit and vegetables (daily, 4–6 days/week, 1–3 days/week, monthly, or rarely or never) and family history of heart attack, stroke or cancer (presence or absence, only adjusted for in corresponding analysis of cause-specific mortality); prevalent diabetes and hypertension (presence or absence); body mass index (kg/m2) and waist– hip ratio.
↵*P values <0.05 but not less than the significance level after Bonferroni correction (0.05 divided by 10 primary outcomes, ie, 0.005). All other HRs whose 95% CI did not include the null value were statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (p<0.005).
HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; PYs, person-years.