Adjusted linear regression between multifactorial risk factors with SBP and DBP z-scores
| SBP z-score | DBP z-score | |
| Age (years)* | −0.054 (−0.078 to –0.029), p<0.001 | −0.057 (−0.075 to –0.039), p<0.001 |
| Female sex (vs male)† | −0.208 (−0.350 to –0.067), p=0.004 | 0.078 (−0.023 to 0.179), p=0.132 |
| Height (cm) | 0.022 (0.011 to 0.033), p<0.001 | 0.007 (−0.001 to 0.015), p=0.077 |
| Weight (kg) | 0.047 (0.040 to 0.055), p<0.001 | 0.022 (0.016 to 0.027), p<0.001 |
| BMI z-score | 0.292 (0.249 to 0.336), p<0.001 | 0.160 (0.127 to 0.193), p<0.001 |
| WC z-score | 0.273 (0.219 to 0.326), p<0.001 | 0.137 (0.098 to 0.177), p<0.001 |
| WHtR z-score | 0.289 (0.236 to 0.342), p<0.001 | 0.153 (0.114 to 0.192), p<0.001 |
| Heart rate | 0.016 (0.010 to 0.022), p<0.001 | 0.015 (0.011 to 0.019), p<0.001 |
| Acculturation (western score) | −0.010 (−0.026 to 0.006), p=0.211 | −0.005 (−0.016 to 0.006), p=0.373 |
| Acculturation (traditional score) | 0.010 (−0.006 to 0.026), p=0.227 | 0.003 (−0.008 to 0.015), p=0.582 |
| Child’s perception of body image | 0.183 (0.128 to 0.239), p<0.001 | 0.104 (0.064 to 0.144), p<0.001 |
| Exposure to bullying/violence at school | 0.021 (−0.138 to 0.181), p=0.794 | −0.071 (−0.183 to 0.042), p=0.218 |
| Father’s smoking status | 0.118 (−0.056 to 0.292), p=0.184 | 0.082 (−0.053 to 0.218), p=0.233 |
| Exposure to secondhand smoke | −0.052 (−0.240 to 0.136), p=0.587 | 0.018 (−0.117 to 0.152), p=0.795 |
| Father’s history of hypertension | −0.127 (−0.484 to 0.230), p=0.484 | −0.063 (−0.336 to 0.209), p=0.648 |
| Mother’s history of hypertension | −0.003 (−0.524 to 0.518), p=0.991 | 0.354 (−0.042 to 0.750), p=0.079 |
| Grip strength (non-dominant hand) | 0.025 (0.007 to 0.043), p=0.007 | 0.006 (−0.007 to 0.019), p=0.381 |
| Daily physical activity in school (MET min/day) | 0.005 (0.002 to 0.008), p=0.003 | 0.003 (0.001 to 0.005), p=0.009 |
| Daily physical activity outside school (MET min/day) | 0.001 (−0.001 to 0.003), p=0.363 | 0.000 (−0.002 to 0.002), p=0.994 |
| Daily intake—fruit and vegetables (daily mean intake) | −0.008 (−0.049 to 0.033), p=0.717 | −0.011 (−0.040 to 0.018), p=0.466 |
| Daily intake—fast foods (daily mean intake) | 0.004 (−0.086 to 0.093), p=0.937 | −0.053 (−0.117 to 0.011), p=0.104 |
Model adjusted for age, sex and father’s education.
Values presented are β (95% CIs) and p values.
*Age was adjusted for sex and father’s education.
†Sex was for adjusted for age and father’s education
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MET, metabolic-equivalent-of-task; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.