Lifestyle factors according to the severity of dysmenorrhoea
| Variables | Dysmenorrhoea (n (%)) | P value | ||
| No (486) | Mild (574) | Moderate-to-severe (92) | ||
| Smoking now | 0.193 | |||
| No | 481 (42.3) | 569 (50.0) | 88 (7.7) | |
| Yes | 5 (35.7) | 5 (35.7) | 4 (28.6) | |
| Used to smoke | 0.604 | |||
| No | 471 (42.2) | 557 (50.0) | 87 (7.8) | |
| Yes | 9 (47.4) | 9 (47.4) | 1 (5.3) | |
| Secondhand smoke | <0.001 | |||
| No | 365 (46.5) | 363 (46.2) | 57 (7.3) | |
| Yes | 121 (33.2) | 209 (57.3) | 35 (9.6) | |
| Alcohol drinking within 1 year | 0.110 | |||
| No | 325 (43.6) | 366 (49.1) | 54 (7.2) | |
| Yes | 160 (39.4) | 208 (51.2) | 38 (9.4) | |
| Current alcohol drinking | 0.676 | |||
| No | 469 (42.3) | 551 (49.7) | 88 (7.9) | |
| Yes | 17 (39.5) | 22 (51.2) | 4 (9.3) | |
| Vitamin E | 0.065 | |||
| No | 392 (41.3) | 474 (49.9) | 84 (8.8) | |
| Yes | 81 (46.8) | 85 (49.1) | 7 (4.0) | |
| Supplementation of fish oil | 0.874 | |||
| No | 438 (42.0) | 519 (49.8) | 85 (8.2) | |
| Yes | 33 (42.9) | 38 (49.4) | 6 (7.8) | |
| Leaf vegetables | 0.359 | |||
| <1 per week | 8 (57.1) | 6 (42.9) | 0 (0) | |
| 1–3 per week | 73 (42.4) | 81 (47.1) | 18 (10.5) | |
| 4–7 per week | 264 (40.7) | 330 (50.9) | 54 (8.3) | |
| ≥ 2 per day | 137 (44.1) | 154 (49.5) | 20 (6.4) | |
| Fruits | 0.262 | |||
| >1 per week | 8 (32.0) | 15 (60.0) | 2 (8.0) | |
| 1–3 per week | 90 (39.1) | 113 (49.1) | 27 (11.7) | |
| 4–7 per week | 286 (43.4) | 331 (50.2) | 42 (6.4) | |
| ≥ 2 per day | 99 (43.2) | 109 (47.6) | 21 (9.2) | |
| Vigorous physical activity | 0.460 | |||
| No | 393 (41.6) | 475 (50.3) | 77 (8.1) | |
| Yes | 85 (44.7) | 90 (47.4) | 15 (7.9) | |
| Moderate physical activity | 0.456 | |||
| No | 300 (41.3) | 366 (50.3) | 61 (8.4) | |
| Yes | 171 (43.4) | 193 (49.0) | 30 (7.6) | |
| Walk | 0.195 | |||
| No | 24 (57.1) | 12 (28.6) | 6 (14.3) | |
| Yes | 409 (41.6) | 495 (50.4) | 78 (7.9) | |
P value was obtained by Kruskal-Wallis test.