Table 3

Result from Tobit regression and smoothed bootstrap analysis

VariableTobit regressionBootstrap analysis
Coefficient (95% CI)P valueCoefficient (95% CI)P value
Physician density (per 1000 population)
 1–2 physicians(ref=fewer than one physician)−0.0041 (−0.0437 to 0.0355)0.83600.0069 (−0.02 to 0.0346)0.6220
 More than two physicians(ref=fewer than one physician)0.0001 (−0.0495 to 0.0495)0.9990−0.0086 (−0.0424 to 0.026)0.6310
Bed density (per 1000 population)
 More than one to less than or equal tothree beds (ref=fewer than one bed)−0.025 (−0.0698 to 0.0198)0.26600.032 (−0.0003 to 0.0639)0.0470
 More than three to less than or equal to five beds(ref=fewer than one bed)−0.0469 (−0.0964 to 0.0026)0.06200.0519 (0.016 to 0.0851)0.0040
 More than five beds(ref=fewer than one bed)−0.0524 (−0.1079 to 0.0032)0.06400.0467 (0.0058 to 0.0874)0.0240
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)−0.0015 (−0.0028 to −0.0002)0.02600.0013 (0.0005 to 0.0022)0.0020
Smoking prevalence, males (% of adults)0.0000 (−0.0015 to 0.0016)0.99300.0002 (−0.0008 to 0.0012)0.7350
Income group
 Upper middle-income(ref=low- and lower middle-income)0.0088 (−0.0296 to 0.0472)0.6450−0.0067 (−0.0357 to 0.0201)0.6370
 High-income(ref=low and lower middle income)0.0087 (−0.0403 to 0.0577)0.7200−0.0264 (−0.0619 to 0.0094)0.1300
Population live per square metre of land
 More than 100 to less than or equal to 200(ref=less than or equal to 100)−0.0385 (−0.0775 to 0.0005)0.00100.0212 (−0.004 to 0.0493)0.1150
 More than 200(ref=less than or equal to 100)−0.0654 (−0.1009 to −0.0299)0.00000.0435 (0.0173 to 0.0684)0.0010
Constant0.2859 (0.1534 to 0.4185)0.00000.7368 (0.6431 to 0.8262)0.0000
Sigma0.0444 (0.0343 to 0.0545) –0.0304 (0.0197 to 0.0324) –
Observations summaryConsidering inefficiency ≤0.
Left-censored (4).
Uncensored (42).
Right-censored (0).
Number of observation4642
Log likelihood/number of efficient decision-making units66.54
df/Number of bootstrap reps111000
Prob. >χ2 0.0000.000