Factors affecting the risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma according to sex
| Variable | Male | Female | ||
| Crude | Adjusted† | Crude | Adjusted† | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 1.60 (1.41 to 1.81)*** | 1.01 (0.87 to 1.18) | 1.36 (1.23 to 1.50)*** | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.06) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1.43 (1.25 to 1.63)*** | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) | 1.30 (1.17 to 1.44)*** | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.02) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1.54 (1.35 to 1.75)*** | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.30) | 1.41 (1.28 to 1.56)*** | 1.13 (1.00, 1.26)* |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.15 (0.91 to 1.46) | – | 0.91 (0.74 to 1.12) | – |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 1.24 (1.05 to 1.48)*** | 0.86 (0.71 to 1.05) | 1.20 (1.06 to 1.37)*** | 0.93 (0.80 to 1.07) |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 1.52 (1.17 to 1.98)*** | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.29) | 1.38 (1.12 to 1.71)*** | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.31) |
| Stroke | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.36) | – | 0.90 (0.74 to 1.10) | – |
| Headaches | 1.35 (1.19 to 1.55)*** | 1.15 (1.00 to 1.33) | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.44)*** | 1.15 (1.04, 1.28)** |
| Migraine | 1.09 (0.70 to 1.70) | – | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.39) | – |
| Epilepsy | 0.91 (0.50 to 1.67) | – | 0.78 (0.46 to 1.31) | – |
| Dementia | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.45) | – | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.25) | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 2.01 (0.37 to 11.0) | – | 0.88 (0.43 to 1.81) | – |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 4.00 (0.25 to 64.0) | – | 1.15 (0.24 to 5.52) | – |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.34 (1.17 to 1.54)*** | 0.89 (0.75 to 1.05) | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.23) | – |
| Asthma | 1.30 (1.08 to 1.56)*** | 0.99 (0.80 to 1.23) | 1.10 (0.95 to 1.28) | – |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 1.07 (0.49 to 2.34) | – | 1.31 (0.77 to 2.24) | – |
| Diabetes | 1.67 (1.44 to 1.94)*** | 1.19 (1.00 to 1.40)* | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.42)*** | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.07) |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.18 (0.43 to 3.20) | – | 1.34 (0.89 to 2. 01) | – |
| Renal failure | 1.46 (1.23 to 1.73)*** | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.16) | 1.17 (1.00 to 1.36)* | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.03) |
| Liver diseases | 1.57 (1.37 to 1.80)*** | 1.29 (1.11 to 1.50)** | 1.30 (1.16 to 1.46)*** | 1.05 (0.92 to 1.19) |
| Peptic ulcers | 1.40 (1.24 to 1.59)*** | 1.01 (0.87 to 1.16) | 1.46 (1.32 to 1.61)*** | 1.14 (1.02, 1.28)* |
| Hepatitis B | 1.25 (0.97 to 1.61) | – | 1.17 (0.93 to 1.47) | – |
| Tuberculosis | 1.29 (0.95 to 1.75) | – | 1.02 (0.68 to 1.52) | – |
| Deficiency anaemia | 1.48 (0.99 to 2.20) | – | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.44) | – |
| Depression | 1.67 (1.31 to 2.13)*** | 1.20 (0.93 to 1.57) | 1.40 (1.20 to 1.64)*** | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.31) |
| Psychosis | 1.13 (0.81 to 1.59) | – | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.52) | – |
| Metastatic cancer | – | – | – | – |
| Solid tumour | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.61) | – | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.50) | – |
| Cataract | 4.37 (3.84 to 4.96)*** | 4.30 (3.74 to 4.94)*** | 3.54 (3.20 to 3.92)*** | 3.54 (3.18 to 3.95)*** |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ****p<0.001.
†Covariables which were significantly associated with risk of PACG in univariable unconditional logistic regression model were further analysed by multivariable unconditional logistic regression model.