Patient characteristics by AKI stage, Denmark, 2005–2011
| Patient characteristics | Without AKI | AKI | AKI stage | All patients | ||
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | ||||
| No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | |
| Total (row %) | 5243 (79.7) | 1337 (20.3) | 858 (13.0) | 284 (4.3) | 195 (3.0) | 6580 (100) |
| Mean duration of AKI (days) | – | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 4.3 | – |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 2565 (48.9) | 513 (38.4) | 329 (38.3) | 111 (39.1) | 73 (37.4) | 3078 (46.8) |
| Male | 2678 (51.1) | 824 (61.6) | 529 (61.7) | 173 (60.9) | 122 (62.6) | 3502 (53.2) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 0–49 | 277 (5.3) | 40 (3.0) | 21 (2.4) | 8 (2.8) | 11 (5.6) | 317 (4.8) |
| 50–59 | 753 (14.4) | 130 (9.7) | 82 (9.6) | 35 (12.3) | 13 (6.7) | 883 (13.4) |
| 60–69 | 1555 (29.7) | 323 (24.2) | 196 (22.8) | 74 (26.1) | 53 (27.2) | 1878 (28.5) |
| 70–79 | 1643 (31.3) | 497 (37.2) | 313 (36.5) | 103 (36.3) | 81 (41.5) | 2140 (32.5) |
| ≥80 | 1015 (19.4) | 347 (26.0) | 246 (28.7) | 64 (22.5) | 37 (19.0) | 1362 (20.7) |
| BMI | ||||||
| Normal | 1755 (33.5) | 375 (28.0) | 245 (28.6) | 83 (29.2) | 47 (24.1) | 2130 (32.4) |
| Underweight | 124 (2.4) | 26 (1.9) | 22 (2.6) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) | 150 (2.3) |
| Overweight | 1835 (35.0) | 512 (38.3) | 317 (36.9) | 111 (39.1) | 84 (43.1) | 2347 (35.7) |
| Missing | 1529 (29.2) | 424 (31.7) | 274 (31.9) | 87 (30.6) | 63 (32.3) | 1953 (29.7) |
| Heart disease | 67 (1.3) | 23 (1.7) | 16 (1.9) | 5 (1.8) | 2 (1.0) | 90 (1.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 479 (9.1) | 185 (13.8) | 115 (13.4) | 43 (15.1) | 27 (13.8) | 664 (10.1) |
| Liver disease | 50 (1.0) | 19 (1.4) | 10 (1.2) | 6 (2.1) | 3 (1.5) | 69 (1.0) |
| Arterial hypertension | 1260 (24) | 479 (35.8) | 304 (35.4) | 95 (33.5) | 80 (41.0) | 1739 (26.4) |
| OPD | 512 (9.8) | 166 (12.4) | 110 (12.8) | 32 (11.3) | 24 (12.3) | 678 (10.3) |
| CKD | ||||||
| Stage 3 | 834 (15.9) | 347 (26.0) | 251 (29.3) | 59 (20.8) | 37 (19.0) | 1181 (17.9) |
| Stage 4 or higher | 39 (0.7) | 48 (3.6) | 25 (2.9) | 2 (0.7) | 21 (10.8) | 87 (1.3) |
| Cancer type | ||||||
| Colon | 3481 (66.4) | 862 (64.5) | 540 (62.9) | 186 (65.5) | 136 (69.7) | 4343 (66.0) |
| Rectum | 1762 (33.6) | 475 (35.5) | 318 (37.1) | 98 (34.5) | 59 (30.3) | 2237 (34.0) |
| Urgency of surgery | ||||||
| Elective | 4540 (86.6) | 1102 (82.4) | 713 (83.1) | 232 (81.7) | 157 (80.5) | 5642 (85.7) |
| Acute | 542 (10.3) | 208 (15.6) | 129 (15.0) | 47 (16.5) | 32 (16.4) | 750 (11.4) |
| Missing | 161 (3.1) | 27 (2.0) | 16 (1.9) | 5 (1.8) | 6 (3.1) | 188 (2.9) |
| UICC stage | ||||||
| Stage I | 773 (14.7) | 181 (13.5) | 116 (13.5) | 38 (13.4) | 27 (13.8) | 954 (14.5) |
| Stage II | 1899 (36.2) | 515 (38.5) | 329 (38.3) | 99 (34.9) | 87 (44.6) | 2414 (36.7) |
| Stage III | 1412 (26.9) | 387 (28.9) | 247 (28.8) | 97 (34.2) | 43 (22.1) | 1799 (27.3) |
| Stage IV | 904 (17.2) | 217 (16.2) | 140 (16.3) | 44 (15.5) | 33 (16.9) | 1121 (17) |
| Missing | 255 (4.9) | 37 (2.8) | 26 (3) | 6 (2.1) | 5 (2.6) | 292 (4.4) |
| Mechanical ventilation* | 35 (0.7) | 155 (11.6) | 53 (6.2) | 39 (13.7) | 63 (32.3) | 190 (2.9) |
| Vasopressor/inotropes* | 54 (1.0) | 163 (12.2) | 56 (6.5) | 38 (13.4) | 69 (35.4) | 217 (3.3) |
| Preoperative* radiation | 564 (10.8) | 142 (10.6) | 94 (11) | 33 (11.6) | 15 (7.7) | 706 (10.7) |
| Preoperative† chemo | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.1) |
| Preadmission‡ NSAID use | 532 (10.1) | 150 (11.2) | 93 (10.8) | 36 (12.7) | 21 (10.8) | 682 (10.4) |
| Preadmission‡ ACE use | 738 (14.1) | 266 (19.8) | 156 (18.2) | 61 (21.5) | 49 (25.1) | 1004 (15.3) |
*Treatment received during the CRC surgery admission.
†Defined as radiation/chemotherapy within 3 months before surgery.
‡Defined as one or more redeemed prescriptions within 90 days before the surgery.
AKI, acute kidney injury; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CRC, colorectal cancer; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OPD, obstructive pulmonary disease; UICC, Union for International Cancer Control.