Associations between indicators of socioeconomic position in earlier and later adulthood and pain at age 68.
| Exposure | n | Model | Exposure level | CWP versus no pain | CRP versus no pain | Other pain versus no pain | P value |
| RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | |||||
| Earlier adulthood | |||||||
| Educational level (women)* (ref=degree) | 1194 | 2 | A level or equivalent or less | 0.94 (0.44 to 2.01) | 1.93 (1.01 to 3.69) | 0.54 (0.29 to 1.00) | <0.01 |
| Educational level (men)* (ref=degree) | 1103 | 2 | A level or equivalent or less | 2.68 (1.12 to 6.45) | 1.07 (0.74 to 1.56) | 1.45 (0.88 to 2.40) | 0.06 |
| Financial hardship (ref=none) | 2150 | 1 | Minimal | 1.37 (0.78 to 2.42) | 1.13 (0.75 to 1.70) | 0.98 (0.56 to 1.71) | <0.01 |
| Moderate | 2.61 (1.38 to 4.95) | 1.31 (0.76 to 2.28) | 1.31 (0.64 to 2.67) | ||||
| Most | 5.38 (2.56 to 11.30) | 1.81 (0.89 to 3.72) | 1.67 (0.67 to 4.18) | ||||
| 2 | Minimal | 1.21 (0.67 to 2.17) | 1.09 (0.72 to 1.65) | 0.95 (0.54 to 1.68) | 0.03 | ||
| Moderate | 2.32 (1.19 to 4.52) | 1.32 (0.75 to 2.30) | 1.34 (0.65 to 2.74) | ||||
| Most | 4.44 (2.02 to 9.77) | 1.79 (0.86 to 3.74) | 1.75 (0.69 to 4.47) | ||||
| Occupational class (ref=I–II) | 2219 | 1 | IIINM | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.66) | 0.95 (0.73 to 1.23) | 1.16 (0.83 to 1.61) | 0.15 |
| IIIM | 1.41 (0.92 to 2.19) | 1.35 (1.02 to 1.79) | 0.97 (0.66 to 1.41) | ||||
| IV–V | 1.52 (0.99 to 2.34) | 1.24 (0.91 to 1.69) | 0.94 (0.61 to 1.45) | ||||
| 2 | IIINM | 1.08 (0.74 to 1.59) | 0.91 (0.70 to 1.19) | 1.13 (0.81 to 1.58) | 0.38 | ||
| IIIM | 1.29 (0.82 to 2.03) | 1.31 (0.98 to 1.75) | 0.93 (0.63 to 1.38) | ||||
| IV–V | 1.22 (0.77 to 1.92) | 1.17 (0.85 to 1.61) | 0.93 (0.59 to 1.44) | ||||
| Home ownership (ref=owner occupier) | 2294 | 1 | Tenant | 1.81 (1.21 to 2.72) | 1.07 (0.77 to 1.48) | 1.33 (0.89 to 1.98) | 0.03 |
| 2 | Tenant | 1.62 (1.06 to 2.49) | 1.06 (0.76 to 1.48) | 1.36 (0.90 to 2.05) | 0.11 | ||
| Later adulthood | |||||||
| Home ownership (ref=owner) | 2038 | 1 | Tenant | 1.25 (0.90 to 1.73) | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.30) | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.22) | 0.44 |
| 2 | Tenant | 1.07 (0.76 to 1.51) | 0.98 (0.78 to 1.24) | 0.89 (0.66 to 1.21) | 0.83 | ||
| Financial hardship (ref=none) | 1892 | 1 | Minimal | 1.61 (0.62 to 4.16) | 0.88 (0.40 to 1.94) | 0.77 (0.26 to 2.30) | 0.52 |
| Moderate | 2.03 (0.86 to 4.80) | 1.73 (0.90 to 3.34) | 1.54 (0.66 to 3.62) | ||||
| Most | 2.26 (0.77 to 6.64) | 1.53 (0.66 to 3.57) | 0.89 (0.24 to 3.20) | ||||
| 2 | Minimal | 1.39 (0.51 to 3.74) | 0.83 (0.37 to 1.87) | 0.77 (0.25 to 2.34) | 0.89 | ||
| Moderate | 1.47 (0.60 to 3.63) | 1.56 (0.79 to 3.05) | 1.49 (0.63 to 3.54) | ||||
| Most | 1.71 (0.55 to 5.29) | 1.39 (0.58 to 3.32) | 0.91 (0.25 to 3.34) | ||||
Model 1: sex-adjusted and Model 2: adjusted for sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, leisure-time physical activity, GHQ-28 caseness and marital status.
*The models for education are stratified by sex due to a significant interaction term between sex and education (likelihood ratio test, p<0.001).
CRP, chronic regional pain; CWP, chronic widespread pain.