Univariate analysis of demographic characteristics associated with carriage of ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
| Factors | Total n=305 | Carriers n=80 | Non-carriers n=225 | P values |
| Age (median, IQR*) | 54.0 (41.0–65.0) | 56.0 (38.8–66.0) | 54.0 (41.0–65.0) | 0.79 |
| Females (%) | 169 (55.4) | 46 (57.5) | 123 (54.7) | 0.76 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Chinese | 237 (77.7) | 67 (83.8) | 170 (75.6) | 0.24 |
| Malay | 28 (9.2) | 3 (3.8) | 25 (11.1) | |
| Indian | 30 (9.8) | 7 (8.8) | 23 (10.2) | |
| Others | 10 (3.3) | 3 (3.8) | 7 (3.1) | |
| Education (%) | ||||
| No formal education | 11 (3.6) | 4 (5.0) | 7 (3.1) | 0.45 |
| Primary | 57 (18.7) | 12 (15.0) | 45 (20.0) | |
| Secondary | 93 (30.5) | 21 (26.2) | 72 (32.0) | |
| Tertiary | 110 (36.1) | 31 (38.8) | 79 (35.1) | |
| Graduate | 34 (11.1) | 12 (15.0) | 22 (9.8) | |
| Housing (%) | ||||
| HDB one-room and two-room | 23 (7.5) | 5 (6.2) | 18 (8.0) | 0.75 |
| HDB three-room | 115 (37.7) | 32 (40.0) | 83 (36.9) | |
| HDB four-room | 98 (32.1) | 24 (30.0) | 74 (32.9) | |
| HDB five-room and executive apartment | 47 (15.4) | 11 (13.8) | 36 (16.0) | |
| Landed property | 22 (7.2) | 8 (10.0) | 14 (6.2) | |
| Pets (%) | 33 (10.8) | 7 (8.8) | 26 (11.6) | 0.75 |
| Number of occupants in the household (mean, SD) | 3.6 (1.6) | 3.6 (1.6) | 3.6 (1.6) | 0.71 |
| Stayed overseas for >1 year (%) | 57 (18.7) | 26 (32.5) | 31 (13.8) | <0.001 |
| Stayed in South, East or Southeast Asia for >1 year (%) | 40 (13.1) | 18 (22.5) | 22 (9.8) | 0.01 |
| Travelled in the past >1 year (%) | 178 (58.4) | 47 (58.8) | 131 (58.2) | 1.0 |
| Travelled in South, East or Southeast Asia in the past 1 year (%) | 163 (53.4) | 43 (53.8) | 120 (53.3) | 1.0 |
| Any chronic illnesses (%) | 127 (41.6) | 33 (41.2) | 94 (41.8) | 1.0 |
| Hospitalisation in the past 1 year (%) | 43 (14.1) | 14 (17.5) | 29 (12.9) | 0.41 |
| Previous antibiotics intake (%) | 282 (92.5) | 76 (95.0) | 206 (91.6) | 0.45 |
| Antibiotics in the last 6 months (%) | 85 (27.9) | 23 (28.8) | 62 (27.6) | 0.61 |
| Knowledge score >6 (%) | 89 (29.2) | 33 (41.3) | 56 (24.9) | 0.01 |
| No leftover antibiotics (%) | 211 (69.2) | 63 (78.8) | 148 (65.8) | 0.04 |