Study | Population | Intervention | Finding |
Block et al
(PNT)21 | 148 patients CKD3–4 | Lanthanum carbonate, sevelamer carbonate, calcium acetate | Reduced urinary phosphate and serum phosphate Promotion of vascular calcification with binders No difference in PWV |
Chue et al
(CRIB-PHOS)22 | 120 patients CKD3 non-diabetic | Sevelamer carbonate vs placebo | Lower urinary phosphate and FGF-23 (latter in compliant patients) |
Seifert et al 23 | 38 patients CKD3 | Lanthanum vs placebo | No differences in serum/urine phosphate, PWV, carotid IMT, vascular calcification |
Isakova et al
(COMBINE)11 | Aimed recruitment of 200 patients CKD3–4 | Lanthanum vs lanthanum+nicotinamide vs nicotinamide vs placebo | Ongoing |
IMPROVE-CKD | Aimed recruitment of 488 patients with CKD3b-4 | Lanthanum vs placebo | Ongoing |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; COMBINE, CKD Optimal Management With BInders and NicotinamidE study; CRIB-PHOS, Chronic Renal Impairment in Birmingham- Phosphate study; FGF-23, fibroblast growth factor 23; IMPROVE-CKD, Impact of Phosphate Reduction On Vascular End-points in CKD; IMT, intimal medial thickness; PNT, phosphate normalisation trial; PWV, pulse wave velocity.