World Bank region | Site | Module Version | Implementing partners | Month(s) and year of data collection | Sample size | Female respondents, % | Season of data collection | Language(s) of data collection | Sampling strategy | Data collection method (software) | Details of larger study; supplementary data collected | IRB of record | Cognitive interviewing (Y/N) |
Africa | Accra, Ghana | 1 | University of Miami, Delaware State University, Ghana Water Company and Northwestern University. | June 2017 | 229 | 78.2 | Rainy season. | English. | Simple random. | Tablet (ODK). | Standalone. | University of Miami; Delaware University, reliant on Northwestern University and Ghana Water Company. | Yes |
Lagos, Nigeria | 1 | College of Medicine at the University of Lagos and Northwestern University. | June–August 2017 | 239 | 73.5 | Rainy season. | English, Yoruba and Pidgin. | Multistage random. | Paper, entered into database (Enketo). | Standalone; adolescent menstrual hygiene. | Northwestern University & University of Lagos | Yes | |
Kahemba, DRC | 1 | Oregon Health Sciences University, Michigan State University and Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale. | June–September 2017 | 392 | 65.6 | Dry season. | Kikongo and Lingala. | Cluster randomised control trial. | Paper/tablet hybrid (ODK). | NCT03157336: toxicodietary and genetic determinants of susceptibility to neurodegeneration. | Oregon Health Sciences University & Ministry of Health, DRC | No | |
Bahir Dar, Ethiopia | 1 | Oregon State University, Emory University and Emory Ethiopia. | July–August 2017 | 259 | 100 | Rainy season. | Amharic. | Stratified random. | Tablet (KoboToolbox). | NCT03075436: the impact of enhanced, demand-side sanitation and hygiene promotion on sustained behaviour change and health in Ethiopia. | Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Emory University; Oregon State University, reliant on Northwestern University | No | |
Singida, Tanzania | 1 | Cornell University and Northwestern University. | July–August 2017 | 1006* | 56.7 | Dry season. | Swahili. | Purposive, community led. | Tablet (ODK). | NCT02761876: Singida nutrition and agroecology project. | Cornell University | No | |
Lilongwe, Malawi | 1 | Georgia State University. | July 2017 | 302 | 86.8 | Neither rainy nor dry season. | Chichewa and English. | Cluster random. | Tablet (ODK). | Standalone. | Georgia State University | No | |
Kisumu, Kenya | 1 | Pamoja Community Based Organisation and Northwestern University. | July 2017 | 247 | 81.3 | Neither rainy nor dry season. | Luo, Swahili and English. | Simple random. | Tablet (ODK). | Standalone; moringa. | Northwestern University and African Medical Research Foundation. | Yes | |
Arua, Uganda | 1 | Michigan State University. | August–September 2017 | 250 | 85.6 | Rainy season. | Lugbara and English. | Cluster random. | Paper, entered into database (Enketo). | Standalone. | Michigan State University, reliant on Northwestern University. | No | |
Kampala, Uganda | 1 | T-Group Kampala, University of Amsterdam and Makerere University. | August 2017 | 246 | 69.1 | Dry season. | Luganda and English. | Purposive. | Paper, entered into database (Enketo). | Standalone. | Northwestern University and T-Group Kampala. | No | |
Morogoro, Tanzania | 2 | Workman Consulting and Northwestern University. | March–May 2018 | 300 | 78.3 | Rainy season. | Swahili. | Cluster random. | Paper, entered into database (Enketo). | Standalone; water for sanitation and hygiene. | Northwestern University and Sokoine University of Agriculture. | No | |
East Asia and Pacific | Upolu, Samoa | 1 | Yale University. | April 2018–present | 176† | 63.4† | Across multiple seasons. | Samoan. | Purposive. | Tablet (REDCap). | NIH R01HL093093: integrated cellular, mouse and human research on a novel missense variant influencing adiposity in Samoans. | Yale University. | No |
Labuan Bajo, Indonesia | 2 | University of the West of England. | May 2018 | 279 | 44.8 | Dry season. | Indonesian. | Cluster random. | Tablet (ODK). | Standalone. | Exempt. | No | |
Europe and Central Asia | Dushanbe, Tajikistan | 1 | Arizona State University and M-Vector. | July–August 2017 | 225 | 73.3 | Dry season. | Tajik and Russian. | Cluster random. | Tablet (CSPro). | Global Ethnohydrology Study—ASU. | Arizona State University. | Yes |
Latin America and the Caribbean | Ceará, Brazil | 1 | Texas A&M University. | March 2017–February 2018 | 254 | 70.2 | Neither rainy nor dry season. | Portuguese. | Cluster random. | Paper, entered into database (Enketo). | NSF1560962: urban water provisioning systems and household water security. | Texas A&M University. | No |
Mérida, Mexico | 1 | Michigan State University. | July–August 2017 | 250 | 63.4 | Dry season. | Spanish. | Cluster random. | Paper, entered into database (Enketo). | Standalone. | Michigan State University and Northwestern University. | No | |
Honda, Colombia | 1 | Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and Northwestern University. | August 2017 | 196 | 63.6 | Rainy season. | Spanish. | Cluster random. | Tablet (ODK). | Standalone. | Northwestern University and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. | No | |
Acatenango, Guatemala | 1 | Arizona State University. | September–October 2017 | 101 | 93.0 | Dry season. | Spanish. | Cluster random. | Paper, entered into database (Excel). | Global Ethnohydrology Study—ASU. | Arizona State University. | No | |
San Borja, Bolivia | 2 | Pennsylvania State University. | November–December 2017 | 247 | 58.6 | Dry season. | Spanish. | Simple random. | Paper, entered into database (Excel). | Standalone. | Northwestern University. | No | |
Chiquimula, Guatemala | 2 | McGill University and Action Against Hunger-Guatemala. | January–February 2018 | 314 | 86.6 | Middle/end of dry season. | Spanish. | Systematic random. | Tablet (ODK). | Standalone. | Action Against Hunger-Guatemala and Northwestern University. | No | |
Gressier, Haiti | 2 | University of Florida. | February–March 2018 | 292 | 98.6 | Dry season. | Creole. | Stratified random. | Tablet (REDCap). | Standalone; perceived water quality and disease. | University of Florida. | No | |
Torreón, Mexico | 2 | Texas A&M University. | April 2018 | 249 | 73.1 | Middle/end of dry season. | Spanish. | Simple random. | Paper, entered into database (Excel). | Standalone. | Texas A&M University. | No | |
Cartagena, Colombia | 2 | University of Miami. | July 2018 | 266 | 69.2 | Dry season. | Spanish. | Simple random. | Paper, entered into database (SPSS). | Standalone. | University of Miami. | No | |
Middle East and North Africa | Beirut, Lebanon | 2 | American University of Beirut. | December 2017–January 2018 | 573 | 63.8 | Rainy season. | Arabic. | Cluster random. | Tablet (ODK). | Standalone. | Northwestern University and American University of Beirut. | Yes |
Sistan and Balochistan, Iran | 2 | Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences | January–February 2018 | 306 | 99.0 | Rainy season. | Farsi. | Stratified random. | Paper, entered into database (SPSS). | Standalone; cash transfers and health centre access. | Exempt. | No | |
South Asia | Kathmandu, Nepal | 1 | Arizona State University and Environmental and Public Health Organization. | June 2017 | 263 | 71.5 | Rainy season. | Nepali. | Cluster random. | Paper, entered into database (ODK). | Global Ethnohydrology Study—ASU. | Arizona State University. | Yes |
Punjab, Pakistan | 2 | University of Washington. | February–March 2018 | 235 | 57.5 | Dry season. | Seraikee and Urdu. | Cluster random. | Paper, entered into database (Excel). | Standalone; sociocultural feeding practices. | Exempt. | No | |
Pune, India | 1 | Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, BJ Government Medical College. | February–present | 180† | 100† | Across multiple seasons. | Marathi and Hindi. | Parallel assignment, non-randomised. | Paper, entered into database (Excel). | NIH R01HD081929: pregnancy associated changes in TB immunology; NIH K23AI129854: effect of pregnancy and HIV on the development of tuberculosis. | Cornell University, Pune IRB, Johns Hopkins University. | No | |
Rajasthan, India | 2 | Anode Governance Lab. | March 2018 | 248 | 27.0 | Dry season. | Hindi. | Stratified random. | Paper, entered into database (Excel). | Standalone. | Exempt. | No |
*Data were collected for both men and women living in the same household; therefore, for scale analysis, a random individual was selected from each pair (n=564).
†Data collection ongoing, values based on data available as of August 2018.
DRC, Democratic Republic of the Congo; HWISE, Household Water Insecurity Experiences; n.d., no data; ODK, Open Data Kit.