Risk of pneumonia after stroke according to different cumulative BZD doses
| Cumulative BZD doses | n | Pneumonia cases | Person- years | Incidence rate* | Univariate model | Multivariate model† | ||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | |||||
| Non-user | 3758 | 478 | 14 663.8 | 32.6 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| 1–90 cDDDs | 2507 | 702 | 11 760.2 | 59.7 | 2.10 (1.87 to 2.36) | <0.001 | 2.28 (2.01 to 2.58) | <0.001 |
| 91–365 cDDDs | 728 | 198 | 4216.6 | 47.0 | 1.84 (1.56 to 2.16) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.77 to 2.47) | <0.001 |
| >365 cDDDs | 523 | 127 | 3703.4 | 34.3 | 1.47 (1.21 to 1.77) | <0.001 | 2.08 (1.72 to 2.52) | <0.001 |
*Per 1000 person-years.
†Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model, adjusting for all baseline characteristics (listed in table 1) and competing mortality.
BZD, benzodiazepine; cDDDs, cumulative defined daily doses.