Characteristics of study participants
| Variable | All subjects (N=425) |
| Age (year) | 81.2±5.9 (70–98) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 293 (68.9) |
| Female | 132 (31.1) |
| Height (m) | 1.6±0.1 (1.4–1.8) |
| Weight (kg) | 62.9±11.5 (28.4–92.0) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2±3.7 (11.1–34.1) |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 21.9±13.8 (4–133) |
| Primary cause of admission to hospital | |
| Cardiac disease | 160 (37.6) |
| Pulmonary infection | 84 (19.8) |
| Hypertension | 76 (17.9) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 45 (10.6) |
| Digestive disease | 25 (5.9) |
| Malignancy | 19 (4.5) |
| Others | 16 (3.8) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 210 (49.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 101 (23.8) |
| Cardiac disease (including atrial fibrillation) | 94 (22.1) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 30 (7.1) |
Values are mean±SD (with ranges in brackets) or n (%), respectively.