Maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data are expressed as mean±SD or actual number of subjects and percentages
| E-GDM (273) | U-GDM (528) | P value | |
| wGWG (kg/week) | 0.02±0.03 | 0.12±0.03 | 0.0274 |
| PIH | 16 (5.86%) | 22 (4.2%) | 0.285 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 6 (2.2%) | 20 (3.8%) | 0.229 |
| Polyhydramnios | 14 (5.6%) | 32 (6.5%) | 0.653 |
| Recurrent UTI | 14 (5.1%) | 18 (3.4%) | 0.239 |
| Recurrent vaginal infection | 3 (1.1%) | 10 (1.9%) | 0.339 |
| GA at delivery (weeks) | 37.4±2.99 | 38.4±2.09 | <0.001 |
| Induction of labour | 42 (15.4%) | 96 (18.2%) | 0.320 |
| Preterm labour | 67 (25.5%) | 76 (14.4%) | <0.001 |
| C-section | 143 (52.4%) | 226 (42.8%) | 0.010 |
| Primary C-section | 59 (21.6%) | 105 (19.9%) | 0.327 |
| Emergency C-section | 72 (26.4%) | 109 (20.6%) | 0.066 |
| Neonatal weight (kg) | 3.086±0.76 | 3.208±0.63 | 0.0142 |
| LGA | 38 (15.8%) | 73 (15.5%) | 0.925 |
| Macrosomia | 13 (5.7%) | 44 (9.3%) | 0.107 |
| SGA | 32 (13.6%) | 57 (12.5%) | 0.686 |
| Stillbirth | 1 (0.7%) | 4 (0.8%) | 0.458 |
| NICU admission | 48 (17.6%) | 54 (10.2%) | 0.003 |
| Shoulder dystocia | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.634 |
| Respiratory distress | 31 (7.0%) | 30 (8.4%) | 0.013 |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia | 15 (5.5%) | 47 (8.9%) | 0.087 |
| Neonatal jaundice | 43 (15.8%) | 73 (13.8%) | 0.463 |
GA, gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age; NICU, neonatal intensive care; PIH , pregnancy -induced hypertension ; SGA, small for gestational age; wGWG, weekly gestational weight gain. UTI, urinary tract infection.