Subgroup analysis among placebo-controlled trials
| Group | Relative risk (95% CI; I2 %) | No. of studies | Total no. of outcomes/patients |
| Prior use of antidiabetics | |||
| AKI | 90/10 651 | ||
| Prior/concurrent diabetes therapy | 0.51 (0.14 to 1.84; 0.72) | 6 | |
| Treatment-naïve | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.92; 0.00) | 2 | |
| DKA | 13/14 353 | ||
| Prior/concurrent diabetes therapy | 0.65 (0.25 to 1.71; 0.00) | 14 | |
| Treatment-naïve | 0.66 (0.16 to 2.71; 0.00) | 4 | |
| UTI | 3405/39 331 | ||
| Prior/concurrent diabetes therapy | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.16; 8.22) | 64 | |
| Treatment-naïve | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10; 0.00) | 23 | |
| Fracture | 445/29 668 | ||
| Prior/concurrent diabetes therapy | 0.81 (0.57 to 1.14; 2.61) | 39 | |
| Treatment-naïve | 0.79 (0.46 to 1.36; 6.30) | 11 | |
| Risk of bias | |||
| AKI | 90/10 651 | ||
| Low risk of bias | 0.58 (0.38 to 0.89; 0.0) | 4 | |
| High risk of bias | 0.71 (0.12 to 4.37; 25.5) | 4 | |
| DKA | 13/14 353 | ||
| Low risk of bias | 0.85 (0.28 to 2.61; 0.0) | 10 | |
| High risk of bias | 0.49 (0.003 to 71.59; 94.8) | 8 | |
| UTI | 3405/39 331 | ||
| Low risk of bias | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.08; 0.0) | 51 | |
| High risk of bias | 1.05 (0.11 to 10.43; 99.7) | 37 | |
| Fracture | 445/29 668 | ||
| Low risk of bias | 0.95 (0.76 to 1.18; 0.0) | 22 | |
| High risk of bias | 0.58 (0.04 to 8.77; 97.0) | 27 | |
| Definition of UTI | |||
| UTI | 3405/39 331 | ||
| Predefined list of terms | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.07; 0.0) | 19 | |
| Suggestive of UTI | 1.13 (0.87 to 1.47; 0.0) | 11 | |
| Positive culture | 0.91 (0.51 to 1.62; 24.27) | 2 | |
| As per investigator | 0.82 (0.41 to 1.61; 0.0) | 2 | |
| Not defined | 1.08 (0.90 to 1.29; 15.47) | 54 | |
AKI, acute kidney injury; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; UTI, urinary tract infection.