Cost, effect and ICER outputs for PIP compared with appropriate scenarios for each model
| Strategy | Cost, € | Incr. cost, € (95% CI) | QALYs | Incr. QALYs (95% CI) | ICER, €/QALY | LYs | Incr. LYs |
| NSAID model | |||||||
| Paracetamol >3 months | 2603 | 8.72 | 11.54 | ||||
| NSAID for >3 months | 3409 | 806 (415 to 1346) | 8.65 | −0.07 (−0.131 to −0.026) | −11 511 | 11.46 | −0.08 |
| Benzodiazepine model | |||||||
| No benzodiazepine | 25 158 | 8.78 | 11.69 | ||||
| Benzodiazepine ≥4 weeks | 28 628 | 3470 (2434 to 5001) | 8.72 | −0.07 (−0.089 to −0.047) | −52 672 | 11.65 | −0.04 |
| PPI model | |||||||
| Maintenance dose >8 weeks | 24 831 | 8.82 | 11.70 | ||||
| Maximal dose >8 weeks | 25 819 | 989 (−69 to 2127) | 8.81 | −0.01 (−0.029 to 0.003) | −85 279 | 11.68 | −0.02 |
CI, credible interval; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; LYs, life years; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; QALYs, quality-adjusted life years.